The invention relates to a post-tensioned prestressing steel pipe high-strength concrete superposition bridge pier and a construction method of the bridge pier. The bridge pier comprises steel pipes, wherein the steel pipes are provided with multiple unbonded tendons, pipe-in concrete is poured among the inner walls of the steel pipes and the unbonded tendons, and the steel pipes, the unbonded tendons and the pipe-in concrete form a core column; pipe-outside concrete is poured at the exterior of the core column so as to form the superposition bridge pier, the conventional reinforced concrete bridge pier is internally provided with a plurality of high-strength preforming steel pipe concrete core columns with vertical prestressing tendons; and the interior prestressing steel pipe high-strength concrete core column are installed and constructed, then a reinforced concrete framework arranged outside the bridge pier is banded and the exterior concrete is poured, namely the vertical prestressing steel pipe high-strength concrete superposition bridge pier poured by interior and exterior concrete of the steel pipe in different stages is formed, wherein the interior prestressing core column is manufactured by adopting a post-tensioning method. According to the bridge pier and the construction method, effectively improve the aseismic safety and the validity of the conventional bridge pier structure, and the bridge pier has the characteristics of high carrying capacity, good seismic performance, convenience in construction and self reset.