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Apparatus for inspecting a submerged object and methods of use are provided, wherein a crawler vehicle includes a vortex generator, traction system and sensor system. Data from the sensor system is communicated to an onboard console for real-time review or transmission via a communication link to a remote site for analysis and review. Automated comparisons of current inspection data against normative or historical data may be performed, so in depth review of the current inspection is triggered only when the difference between current inspection data and the normative or historical data exceeds a predetermined threshold. Additionally, an adapter is provided having a vortex generator and a traction system, the adapter configured to be coupled to an ROV or other device having a sensor system.

A pronunciation training system extracts pronunciation features from various pronunciation samples, links pronunciation features with corresponding muscle movements and diagram representations, displays related waveforms and pronunciation processes, and mark the differences between different waveforms and different pronunciation processes for helping a user to distinguish different sounds. First, the system collects pronunciation samples from people, categorizes these samples, analyzes them in time domain and in frequency domain, identifies the positions and movements of pronunciation organs, provides interfaces for experts to define pronunciation features, extracts and compares pronunciation features, and build links between pronunciation features and pronunciation processes. Then, the system collects pronunciation samples from a user, analyzes the pronunciation samples, extracts pronunciation features from the pronunciation samples, regenerates the pronunciation process, and displays related waveforms for helping a user to enhance the user's awareness on different sounds. The system can further increase the user's awareness on how a sound relates to a pronunciation feature and the muscle movements of a pronunciation organ by providing interfaces for a user to create different sounds by modifying the existing sounds on its loudness, tone, duration, and pace, by modifying the features in time domain or frequency domain, and by modifying the muscle movements of related pronunciation organs.

A managed network device maintains running configuration information, and changes the information in response to configuration change requests from a network management system (NMS) at a first interface and configuration change requests received from outside the NMS at a second interface, which may include a command line interface and dial-up connection such as TELNET. Configuration information for the device is maintained in a database in the NMS, and can become outdated due to the configuration change requests received at the second interface. To update the information in the NMS database, the NMS sends an upload configuration request to the network device, which responds by transferring a configuration file containing the running configuration information to the NMS. The NMS uses the contents of the uploaded configuration file to update the information in the NMS database.

Provided is an unleaded gasoline fuel which is substantially free of oxygenates, and most preferably contains substantially zero oxygenates. The gasoline fuel also has a Reid vapor pressure less then 7.5 psi, a sulfur content less than 30 ppmw, an aromatic hydrocarbon content between 25 and 30 volume percent, and / or a 50% D-86 Distillation Temperature between 210 and 220.degree. F., and / or a 90% D-86 Distillation Temperature between 300 and 330.degree. F., and the fuel composition fails the California Predictive Model requirements for emissions. Preferably, the olefin content of the fuel is also 8 volume percent or less. Such a gasoline fuel offers a substantially oxygenate free gasoline which avoids the environmental impact of oxygenates, yet when combusted in an internal combustion automobile provides good performance and good emissions, despite failing the California Predictive Model. The gasoline fuel in particular can provide surprisingly lower NO.sub.x emissions than that predicted by the California Predictive Model.