The invention provides a novel bridge connecting plate structure and construction method. The structure comprises main beams and connecting plates, the main beams are adjacently arranged, the connecting plates are arranged between the main beams, piers are arranged on the lower portion between the upper adjacent main beams, the adjacent main beams are connected through the connecting plates, the vertical cross section of each connecting plate is in a wedge shape, and connecting reinforcing steel bars are arranged in the connecting plates and extend into the adjacent main beams. According to the structure, displacement and corners of the main beams in a vertical bridge direction can be effectively absorbed, horizontal deformation between the main beams is converted into vertical deformationof the connecting plates, the deformation amount is greatly decreased, the horizontal deformation amount between the main beams is dispersed into two ends of each connecting plate, deformation requirements can be met, good waterproof performance is achieved, driving safety and smoothness is ensured, cracking of the connecting plates between the main beams is prevented, defects such as bumping atconnecting sections of the main beams is removed, the life cycle of a bridge can be prolonged, the passing capability of the bridge is improved, the structure has the advantages of simple structure, high universality, convenience in construction and the like, and the structure has great engineering significance and practical values.