The invention relates to a sample holder carrying and transporting device and a sample holder transporting method. The sample holder carrying and transporting device comprises a routine sample holdertray, a routine sample holder tray detector, a routine sample holder tray indicator, an emergency sample holder tray, an emergency sample holder tray detector, an emergency sample holder tray indicator, a sample holder detector, a sample holder transporting mechanism, a sample holder transferring mechanism I, a sample holder transferring mechanism II, a test tube detector, a barcode device II, a barcode device I, a barcode device III, a holder incoming interface I, a holder incoming interface II, and a recovery interface. According to the sample holder carrying and transporting device and thesample holder transporting method, multiple sample holder trays are arranged on the sample holder carrying area, so that the number of carried sample holders is increased; the occupied area utilization rate of the sample holder carrying and transporting device is improved; the sample holder transporting is flexible; and the emergency sample or the retest sample does not need to wait for the previous to-be-tested sample to be tested one by one, so that the test waiting time of the emergency sample or the retest sample is greatly shortened, and the analysis efficiency of the analytical instrument is improved.