The invention discloses a full-spectrum water quality online monitoring device. The device comprises a monitoring control host and a sensing probe electrically connected with the monitoring control host, the monitoring control host comprises a data display unit, a data output unit, a control unit, a data processing unit, a light source unit, a standard-added calibration unit and an analysis unit,the sensing probe comprises a probe body, an analysis chamber and a reflection unit, a beam splitter is arranged in the probe body, a transition position of the probe body and the analysis chamber isprovided with a plurality of photoscopes, a transition position of the analysis chamber and the reflection unit is provided with a plurality of arc reflectors, and a temperature sensor is arranged inthe analysis chamber. According to the device, a light source is externally arranged in the monitoring control host, a deuterium lamp is adopted, ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared broadband spectrums are generated, capacity control of the light source can be performed, and high-precision monitoring and analysis of multiple monitoring objects can be realized; and the arc reflectors are adoptedso that multiple times of reflection absorption of the spectrum in the analysis chamber can be realized, the absorption optical path is increased, and the analysis resolution of the device is improved.