The invention discloses a block chain fragment storage and query method based on erasure codes. When the block storage reaches a certain threshold, a block is sliced and stored. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, the meta-information of the block file fragments is consented, after the consensus is achieved, the erasure codes are utilized to fragment the block files within thethreshold value into the data blocks and the check blocks, and each node stores one part of the data blocks and the check blocks, so that the storage cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the data fault tolerance under the Bayer fault tolerance is also realized. Besides, when the block files are fragmented, the corresponding index is established, and the corresponding data block or check block can be queried from each node by utilizing the index, so that the block data can be queried efficiently under the condition that the storage space is saved.