The invention relates to a co-production technique of needle coke, mesocarbon microbeads and high-quality asphalt; heavy phase asphalt generated by raw material asphalt pre-treatment and raw material asphalt are mixed to produce mesocarbon microbeads, the byproduct asphalt of the production of misocarbon microbeads and the refined asphalt obtained by the raw material asphalt pre-treatment are mixed as a needle coke raw material; the technique comprises the steps of raw material asphalt pre-treatment, polymerization, polymerization product separating and drying, byproduct asphalt processing, coking and sintering. Compared with the prior art, the technique related by the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the coal tar asphalt processing degree is high, the cost is low, the varieties are diversified, the added value of the product is high, and the maximal economic benefit is realized; (2) the waste discharge is avoided during the whole production process, and the optimal environmental benefit is realized; (3) the process is flexible, the operation is simple, and the high-efficiency combination of needle coke, mesocarbon microbeads and high-quality asphalt is realized; and (4) the product index is flexible and adjustable, so as to adapt to market variations in time and improve the market risk resisting capability of an enterprise.