The invention belongs to the field of biological medicines, and relates to a recombinant receptor binding protein and a recombinant receptor protein for detecting a new coronavirus neutralizing antibody, in particular to the recombinant receptor binding protein, the recombinant receptor protein, a nucleic acid molecule, a recombinant expression vector, a recombinant host cell, a reagent composition, a kit and application. The recombinant receptor binding protein is an RBD trimer protein, the RBD trimer protein has an optimized spatial structure and higher immunogenicity, the recombinant receptor protein is an ACE2 dimer protein, the ACE2 dimer protein has a natural protein conformation capable of simulating ACE2, after the recombinant receptor binding protein and the recombinant receptor protein are combined, the new coronavirus neutralizing antibody can be detected through the principle of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, the sensitivity, specificity and stability are remarkably improved, and the requirement for tracking detection of the new coronavirus neutralizing antibody on the market can be greatly met.