The invention provides an optimization energy-saving dedusting control method and system of a cloth bag pulse dust collector. The system comprises a main control system electrically connected with a control system of a craft room, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a third pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an air detector, a rain sensor, a pulse control valve and a frequency converter, wherein the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the air detector, the rain sensor, the pulse control valve and the frequency converter are respectively connected with the main control system. The pulse control valve is arranged in a compressed air pipeline, and the frequency converter is respectively connected with the main control system and an induced draft fan. According to the optimization energy-saving dedusting control method and system, gas temperature and pressure of dust gases at the inlet of the cloth bag dust collector, gas pressure at the outlet of the cloth bag dust collector, pressure of blown compressed air, production process parameters and other data are detected, on the basis of the data, the main control system controls the frequency converter according to set values to control the rotation speed of the induced draft fan, additionally, the main control system is connected with an air detection instrument to achieve closed-loop control of the air speed, the energy-saving purpose is achieved through an optimization control mode, and the optimization energy-saving dedusting control method and system have the advantages of being high in dedusting efficiency and environmentally friendly, saving energy and prolonging the service life of a dedusting cloth bag.