The invention discloses a patient prognosis risk marker and application thereof. The marker can be used for diagnosis, detection and clinical prognosis evaluation of hematological malignant tumors, leukemia and particularly acute myelogenous leukemia. The invention further discloses a detection object of the marker and a method and kit for diagnosis, detection and clinical prognosis evaluation of hematological malignant tumors, leukemia and particularly acute myelogenous leukemia and application. According to computer algorithms and biological experimental verification, the TSEN34 gene is an independent risk factor of hematological malignant tumors, leukemia and particularly acute myelogenous leukemia and can be used for playing a major role in hierarchical diagnosis and prognosis evaluation independently or together with other markers, decision support can be provided for clinical treatment, and the basis is provided for treatment scheme selection or determination.