The invention discloses an African swine fever virus synthetic peptide ELISA antibody detection kit. The kit includes enzyme-labeled plate, positive control serum, negative control serum, enzyme-labeled secondary antibody, sample diluent, 20 times concentrated washing solution, substrate solution A, substrate solution B, stop solution, wherein the enzyme-labeled plate The polypeptide composition coated with African swine fever virus antigen epitope. The antigen epitope polypeptide composition is one or any combination of the polypeptide shown in sequence 1 in the sequence listing, the polypeptide shown in sequence 2 in the sequence listing, and the polypeptide shown in sequence 3 in the sequence listing . This kit uses chemically synthesized antigen peptides to coat the microtiter plate, with less antigen consumption, high sensitivity and specificity, and can efficiently detect whether there are antibodies infected with African swine fever virus. The kit of the invention has high sensitivity, good specificity, convenient operation and good market prospect.