64results about How to "Regulate driving behavior" patented technology

The invention discloses a driving behavior analysis and driving assistance system based on OBD. The vehicle driving data and failure information are acquired through an OBD diagnostic link, a GPS and an acceleration sensor are arranged additionally, a vehicle is monitored completely, the data are transmitted to a data center in a GPRS / 3G / 4G manner, the center classifies and summarizes the data before performing corresponded processing and feeds back the corresponded information including vehicle routine data flow, driving behavior analysis and other warning information to a vehicle user in a manner of the webpage or mobile communication so as to assist a driver, and the driver can drive safely and economically in an environment-friendly manner.

The invention discloses an automobile oil consumption statistical method based on wireless transmission technology which adopts that: a service center with the abilities of wireless communication as well as data storage and processing is established, the vehicle is provided with an on-board terminal with collection ability of vehicle driving mileage and wireless communication ability, the service center can achieve real-time driving mileage information of the vehicle through the wireless communication between the service center and the on-board terminal; when the vehicle management personnel needs to statisticize and analyze the oil consumption of the vehicle, the service center can respond to the statistical analysis request of the vehicle management personnel, display the corresponding relationship between the vehicle driving mileage and the oil consumption through a diagram so as to find out the factors impacting on the oil consumption through the statistics to standardize the driving behavior of the driver to achieve the intention of managing and reducing the oil consumption.

The invention provides a vehicle fuel consumption real-time measuring and displaying device. The vehicle fuel consumption real-time measuring and displaying device is characterized by comprising a signal processing module, a fuel consumption real-time displaying module, an alarming module, a control module, a power supply module and a calibration device, wherein the signal processing module is used for preprocessing a fuel jet pulse signal, a speed signal, a throttle percentage signal and the like; the alarming module is used for monitoring driving actions and prompting; the control module uses a single-chip as a core; the power supply module is supplied with power by a vehicle accumulator; and the calibration device is matched with the device. By the calibration device, the vehicle is subjected to simple calibration, a corresponding relationship between the fuel jet pulse width time and the fuel consumption under different working conditions is obtained, and the corresponding relationship is sent to the single-chip in the vehicle fuel consumption real-time measuring and displaying device after arranging the information. The device can monitor and display fuel oil consumption in one hundred kilometers in real time, and monitor the driving actions in the driving process; and the device can alarm and prompt nonstandard driving actions, so that the device is good for improving driving skills of a driver (particular a new driver); and oil-saving driving and safe driving are realized.

The invention relates to an intelligent control method and apparatus for a crossroad traffic light. The method includes the following steps: receiving traffic light information which is uploaded by traffic lights, the traffic light information including traffic light state and traffic light status lasting time; receiving vehicle speed information and crossroad position information which is uploaded by an onboard terminal, based on the traffic light information, the vehicle speed information and the crossroad distance, generating crossroad alert information, and transmitting the crossroad alert information to the onboard terminal and alert the onboard terminal, wherein the crossroad distance refers to the distance between the position of a vehicle and a traffic crossroad. According to the embodiments of the invention, the method herein can automatically determine whether the vehicle can directly pass the crossroad based on the traffic light information, the vehicle speed information and the crossroad distance, and generates corresponding crossroad alert information, reminds a driver to pass the crossroad safely, and increases passage rate of the crossroad when it is guaranteed that the vehicle and pedestrians are safe.

The invention relates to a safety judgment and processing method in the driving process of an intelligent network-connected automatic driving automobile. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the relative distance and relative speed of front and rear vehicles in real time through the intelligent network-connected automatic driving automobile, and extracting a traffic management speedand a safety distance of the road and the acceleration and deceleration performances of the vehicle; setting a multi-level safety discrimination index of the automatic driving automobile; further networking to obtain vehicle types, numbers of passengers, cargo carrying quantity, cargo unit prices and vehicle value information of surrounding vehicles when potential safety hazards exist in all surrounding vehicles on the premise that a safety processing method cannot avoid such dangers; selecting the collision kinetic energy loss as an index according to said information, calculating the severity of to-be-collided vehicles, selecting a vehicle with the lowest collision severity to collide, and selecting a vehicle with the lowest collision economic loss to collide if more than two vehicles with the lowest collision severity exist. According to the method, the safety judgment accuracy and reliability of the intelligent network-connected automatic driving automobile in the driving state are improved.

The invention is suitable for the field of vehicle monitoring and provides a vehicle-mounted monitoring terminal as well as a bus lane monitoring method and system based on the terminal. The method specifically comprises the following steps: first, judging whether a bus is on a bus lane or not in preset time; then, if the bus is on the bus lane, snapshotting the pictures of vehicles in front of the bus by the monitoring terminal; extracting pictures with license plate numbers from the pictures to carry out license plate recognition, and judging whether the vehicles corresponding to the license plates belong to vehicles illegally occupying the lane or not according to recognition results; finally if the vehicles corresponding to the license plates belong to the vehicles illegally occupying the lane, uploading the license plate numbers of the vehicles, the GPS position information of the bus during snapshotting and the lane section information of the bus during snapshotting to a traffic police law enforcement system. The vehicle-mounted monitoring terminal as well as the bus lane monitoring method and system based on the terminal, provided by the invention, can be used for dynamically recognizing the bus lane and automatically managing the vehicles illegally occupying the lane.

The invention relates to a travel safety evaluation method and a system based on multi-source spatio-temporal data. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: data collection and pretreatment, road segment division, map matching, and multi-dimensional safety index calculation. The system of the invention comprises a multi-source spatio-temporal data analysis platform, a geographical server, a government terminal, an enterprise terminal, a driver terminal and a passenger terminal. Compared with the existing static supervisory system based on identity attributes, the invention, based on multi-source spatio-temporal data mining, multi-dimensional analysis of road safety and driver safety in each section of the road at each time, can more accurately evaluate the safety level ofcar-sharing travel, and with the help of safety index to quantify the risk of car-sharing travel, and innovates the regulatory system, which is an important embodiment of the modernization of governance system and governance capacity, can improve the efficiency of government management, achieve dynamic supervision of enterprises, regulate driver driving behavior, and assist passenger travel decision-making.

The application provides a vehicle ride comfort evaluation method and a vehicle ride comfort evaluation device. The method includes: presetting a correspondence table between driving states and comfort scores of a vehicle, wherein the driving states of the vehicle include vibration signals of the vehicle driving on different roads; acquiring the driving state of the vehicle; and evaluating the comfort score of the driving state according to the correspondence table. The method and device can help a driver adjust the driving behavior, so that passengers can obtain comfortable riding experience.The vehicle ride comfort evaluation method and the vehicle ride comfort evaluation device improve the riding experience.

The invention provides a vehicle driving behavior processing method and an apparatus, and relates to the field of internet of things. The vehicle driving behavior processing method comprises the steps of acquiring the position information of a vehicle; determining the road information at the position of the vehicle according to the position information of the vehicle; according to the road information, determining a driving behavior judgment standard; acquiring the driving data of the vehicle and judging whether the driving behavior is abnormal or normal according to the driving data of the vehicle based on the driving behavior judgment standard. The driving data of the vehicle comprises the vehicle speed data, the steering data, the braking data and / or the acceleration data. Based on the above method, the position of the vehicle can be positioned and the road section condition of the vehicle can be acquired. Meanwhile, different driving behavior judgment standards are set for the different road conditions, so that the dynamic analysis on the driving behavior can be realized more accurately. Therefore, the analysis accuracy of the driving behavior is improved, and the driving behavior is standardized. The occurrence of road congestion and traffic accidents is reduced.

The invention discloses a management system for automobile driving safety, which includes a vehicle networking module, a vehicle networking platform and a terminal. The vehicle networking platform implements an information communication connection with the vehicle networking module through the mobile Internet. The platform realizes information communication connection with multiple terminals through the Internet; the vehicle networking module includes a mobile communication unit, driving data acquisition unit, vehicle diagnostic interface and data analysis unit, and the vehicle networking platform includes a user management module, a user communication Platform, driving behavior analysis module, route planning module, vehicle diagnosis module, personalized service recommendation module, data analysis module, graphic display module, vehicle networking database and vehicle networking communication module, the present invention builds a vehicle-to-vehicle, human-to-vehicle The human-interactive social network provides a management system for car owners and business users to view basic car information, diagnostic information, and car owner behavior analysis results.

The invention relates to the field of automatic driving and intelligent transportation, and provides a self-adaptive cruise system and control method supporting traffic light recognition. The self-adaptive cruise system comprises a wireless receiving module and a main controller, wherein the wireless receiving module is matched with a wireless transmitting module of a traffic light and used for receiving first traffic light state information, which is transmitted by the wireless transmitting module, about the traffic light on the current lane; and the main controller communicates with the wireless receiving module and is used for acquiring the first traffic light state information received by the wireless receiving module and carrying out parking control or self-adaptive cruise control based on the first traffic light state information. According to the invention, the wireless receiving module matched with the wireless transmitting module of the traffic light is additionally arranged to obtain the traffic light state information, and the self-adaptive cruise control for avoiding violation of the traffic light is further realized based on the obtained traffic light state information, so that the driving safety can be improved.

The invention discloses an analysis method and device for the fuel economic efficiency of a heavy truck. The method comprises the following steps that: calculating the driving duration of heavy trucksat different speed ratios under a corresponding high-gear position state, wherein the high-gear position state is jointly decided by an s / v interval and a v range; abandoning an economic revolving speed definition of a traditional meaning, carrying out statistics and analysis by a laboratory by aiming at different vehicle models to obtain an optimal revolving speed range; obtaining the data of the speed v and the weight of the heavy truck in a continuous time period; selecting weight obtained at a moment of the highest speed v in the continuous time period to serve as the weight of the heavytruck in the continuous time period, and accumulating the driving mileage of the heavy truck under the weight; and finally, according to the preset urea box volume and the urea liquid level data of the heavy truck, calculating the practical urea consumption of the heavy truck, and comprehensively analyzing the fuel economic efficiency of the heavy truck. The method deduces the high oil consumptionfactor of the heavy truck from multiple dimensions, and accurately provides a theoretical basis and data support for the logistics industry to save oil consumption cost and normalize the driving behaviors of drivers.

The invention provides a remote management device of a new energy vehicle power battery. The device comprises a remote monitoring platform and further comprises a battery set battery core, a battery management system, a battery detecting module, a communication module and a positioning module which are arranged in a battery box; the communication module uploads battery parameters collected by the battery detecting module and positioning data generated by the positioning module to the remote monitoring platform; the remote monitoring platform controls charging and discharging of a battery set according to the received battery parameters; and according to the received positioning data, by combining current road traffic data, the traffic offence condition of a vehicle is analyzed, and a control instruction is sent down to control the traffic offence vehicle. The remote management device of the new energy vehicle power battery has the advantages that the situation that the positioning module is dismounted, and thus remote management operation cannot be normally conducted can be effectively prevented; and monitoring management over the new energy vehicle and driving behavior analysis can be achieved through the monitoring platform, the device is conducive to grasping the service condition of the new energy vehicle in real time, and driving behavior of a driver is standardized.

The embodiment of the invention provides a driving behavior anomaly detection method and device and industrial equipment, and relates to the technical field of industrial control. According to the method and the device, video information of a driver and working condition information of industrial equipment are acquired, operation behavior characteristics of the driver are obtained according to thevideo information, and according to the working condition information, the workflow characteristics of the industrial equipment are obtained, and then characteristic fusion is performed on the operation behavior characteristics and the workflow characteristics to obtain the driving behavior characteristics of the driver, thereby obtaining a driving behavior detection result by utilizing a pre-established first neural network according to the driving behavior characteristics. Therefore, the driving state of the driver is monitored by combining the operation behavior of the driver and the working condition information of the industrial equipment, the driving behavior of the driver can be standardized, the construction safety is guaranteed, and the working efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses an improved vehicle driving safety management system. The system comprises a vehicle networking module, a vehicle networking platform and terminals, wherein the vehicle networking platform is in communication connection with the vehicle networking module through a mobile internet and is in communication connection with the multiple terminals through the internet; the vehicle networking module is used for collecting vehicle data and uploading the vehicle data to the vehicle networking platform, and the vehicle networking module is used for acquiring and analyzing data according to the request of a user and showing an analysis result to the user and comprises a user management module, a driving behavior analysis module, a vehicle diagnosis module, a personalized service recommendation module, a data analysis module, a graphical display module, a vehicle networking database and a vehicle networking communication module. With the comprehensive application of an electronic commerce technology and an internet technology, the user can rapidly know the current equipment condition of the vehicle and driving habits, regulate driving behaviors and make the most suitable service planning, so that win-win of a vehicle owner and a commercial tenant is realized while driving safety is improved.

The invention relates to an image detection technology, and discloses a vehicle behavior analysis method and device, and a computer readable storage medium. The method comprises the steps of: obtaining a driving track of a vehicle in a monitoring image road of a monitoring video; counting the occurrence frequency of the driving track of the vehicle in each point in the monitoring image road in a first time period; screening out vehicle track points meeting the driving requirements in a specified lane line; calculating a boundary area of vehicle driving, and obtaining the road area of vehicle driving; obtaining an initial lane line; analyzing the vehicle track points in the initial lane line area to obtain an initial lane line area, the initial lane line area being located between the two lane track point areas; reserving straight line segments of the initial lane line in the initial lane line area, and counting the straight line segments in all directions to obtain all lane lines in the initial lane line area; and based on all lane lines in the initial lane line area, determining the abnormal driving behavior of the vehicle according to the driving track of the vehicle.

The invention provides a glasses-free 3D interactive training system for driving simulation, which comprises an input module, a 3D model building module, a simulation driver, a human-computer interaction module and a glasses-free 3D display module, wherein the input module is used for inputting a driving simulation training content; the 3D model building module is used for building a road model, avirtual scene model and a vehicle model; the simulation driver is used for acquiring vehicle driving state data controlled by an operator; the human-computer interaction module is used for realizinginteractive operation between the operator and an object in the virtual scene through the interactive device; and the glasses-free 3D display module is used for displaying a 3D driving simulation scene. The system provides a convenient and environmentally-friendly new way of driving learning, time can be saved for a trainer, different road training can be selected according to different training subjects, driving simulation training of different subjects can be done by the operator conveniently, glasses-free 3D display is adopted, the immersion of the operator is improved, and a trainee can behelped to master driving skills and essentials better.

The invention discloses a driving behavior analysis method based on the Internet of Vehicles, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining the driving record original information of a driver of the Internet of Vehicles, and obtaining the data of an original database; s2, cleaning the driving record original information in combination with an Isolation Forest algorithm and an SOM algorithm to obtain sample data; s3, extracting and storing feature parameters of the sample data according to data attributes and feature classification; s4, performing K-Means clustering analysis on the characteristic parameters to obtain a clustering center; and s5, adopting bp neural network classification, and judging whether the driving behavior is in a safe range or not. According to the driving behavior analysis method based on the Internet of Vehicles, the driving behavior of the vehicle driver can be analyzed by mining the driving data such as the vehicle speed and the rapid acceleration, the driving behavior of the driver can be standardized, and meanwhile intelligent management of the vehicle is optimized and improved.

The invention discloses a commercial vehicle manual transmission gear shifting reminding control method and system, and relates to the field of vehicle commercial vehicle driving. The method comprisesthe steps that on the basis of vehicle working condition information, the corresponding relation among the gear, the engine rotating speed and the accelerator pedal opening degree on the premise of low fuel consumption is obtained through calculation; the current engine rotating speed of a vehicle is acquired in the running process of the vehicle; a target gear and a target accelerator pedal opening degree are acquired according to the obtained engine rotating speed and based on the corresponding relation among the gear, the engine rotating speed and the accelerator pedal opening degree; andbased on the current gear, the target gear, as well as the current accelerator pedal opening degree and the target accelerator pedal opening degree, gear shifting reminding and / or accelerator adjusting reminding is conducted. According to the commercial vehicle manual transmission gear shifting reminding control method and system, a driver is guided to control an engine within the economic rotating speed range through gear shifting reminding and accelerator adjusting reminding, the output effect of the engine is brought into play to the maximum extent, and the purposes of reducing oil consumption and improving the dynamic property of the vehicle are achieved.

The invention relates to a driving habit scoring method and a driving habit scoring system based on an inertial fusion technology. Through the data fusion of an accelerometer and a positioning terminal, the fused vehicle driving data is obtained, and seven driving behaviors are obtained, and the driving behaviors are scored according to the relationship between the frequency of the seven driving behaviors and the mileage of the vehicle. Through the fusion of data, the accuracy of the data can be improved, at the same time, by setting the seven driving behaviors, the driving behaviors of vehicles can be evaluated accurately, and then more objective and accurate driving behavior score can be obtained. The objective and accurate evaluation of driving behavior can provide accurate and effective data for many kinds of evaluation behaviors, so as to standardize the vehicle driving behavior.

The invention provides a driving behavior monitoring method, a driving behavior monitoring system, a server and a computer readable storage medium. The driving behavior monitoring method comprises thefollowing steps: acquiring historical driving data and historical driving conditions of a vehicle; processing to obtain a label grade according to the historical driving data and the historical driving working condition of the vehicle; training the recurrent neural network system according to the label level to generate a data model; acquiring current driving data and a current driving conditionof the vehicle; and processing the current driving data and the current driving condition of the vehicle according to the data model, and outputting the current driving label level. According to the invention, the driving behavior of the driver can be monitored, the driver is prompted to adjust the driving behavior, meanwhile, good and bad suggestions are given, the purpose of standardizing the driving behavior is achieved, and safe driving is ensured.

The invention provides a VR simulation driving training device which comprises a base, a seat, a steering wheel, a plurality of pedals, head-mounted VR equipment and a main control module, wherein thesteering wheel, the plurality of pedals and the head-mounted VR equipment are electrically connected with the main control module; the main control module is used for receiving signals from the steering wheel and the plurality of pedals and controlling displayed pictures of the head-mounted VR equipment according to the received signals; the displayed pictures of the head-mounted VR equipment include a virtual vehicle internal scene, a virtual vehicle external road condition and a virtual training reference identifier; the virtual training reference identifier is used for assisting a driver in training; and the virtual training reference identifier comprises a spatial scale arranged outside a vehicle. According to the device, the training reference identifier is displayed in the displayedpictures of the head-mounted VR equipment, and the driver uses the training reference identifier as a reference, so that the driving training efficiency is improved.

The invention provides a real-time fatigue driving behavior scoring system based on a DMS. The system comprises a DMS device, a server side and a client side. The invention also relates to a real-timefatigue driving behavior scoring method based on the DMS. The method is used for comprehensively evaluating long-term behavior habits of a driver and achieving risk control of the driver. The methodhas the advantages of simple data acquisition process, low cost and reasonable scoring system, and has a better prospect in application and popularization. Data is shared from the server side to the client side, so that the driver is prompted to improve the safety consciousness and standardize the driving behaviors, correspondingly the social traffic accident rate is reduced, and the public traffic safety level is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of road surface monitoring, and particularly relates to an air rail remote control intelligent patrol system which comprises a patrol system. The patrol system is used for patrolling the driving state of the expressway pavement. The patrol system comprises a patrol device, an image acquisition module, a warning module, a sound amplification module, a communication module, a central processing unit and a storage module. In the present invention, a plurality of groups of high-definition cameras in the image acquisition module are used for carrying outimage acquisition on the driving conditions of the expressway pavement and the vehicle; a plurality of groups of high-definition cameras can be used for collecting images at a plurality of angles inthe same area; the image acquisition module transmits a plurality of groups of images acquired at the same moment to the central processing unit; when a hidden danger exists in vehicle driving, a display screen in the warning module displays a red mark to remind a driver, voice broadcasting is conducted on a vehicle through a loudspeaker in the sound amplifying module, the driver is reminded to standardize driving behaviors in time, and the safety coefficient of vehicle driving is improved.

The invention discloses a road traffic dual-core signal control machine and a control system with the same. The dual-core signal control machine comprises a main body cabinet, a first chip control unit and a second chip control unit, the first chip control unit is used for controlling the signal phase state of each traffic signal lamp group according to a pre-stored phase timing scheme; the second chip control unit is used for judging whether adjustment factors exist or not according to the real-time traffic data collected by the intersection detection equipment, and dynamically adjusting phase timing and an execution sequence in the current phase timing scheme executed by the first chip control unit under the condition that the adjustment factors exist, so as to generate a new phase timing scheme; and the first chip control unit controls the signal phase state of each traffic signal lamp group according to the new phase timing scheme. According to the invention, a dual-core design is adopted, the lighting of traffic lights is stably controlled, optimal timing and edge calculation are carried out on traffic signals, and the state of the traffic signals is dynamically adjusted in real time.

The invention discloses a system and method for timely monitoring and correcting driver behavior. The system is characterized in that the system comprises a management center end and a vehicle terminal, wherein the management center end comprises a traffic management system connecting module, an alarm sending module and a voice alarm module, and the vehicle terminal includes an alarm receiving module, a liquid crystal display violation module and a voice receiving module. The system and method for timely monitoring and correcting driver behavior provided by the invention collect vehicle driving information immediately through information interaction between the management center end and the vehicle terminal, and integrate collected information through the management center end and perform different processing to standardize driving behavior of a driver.

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle safety, in particular to a driving behavior analysis method and a device, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining an environment feature factor of a current driving environment of a vehicle, a state feature factor of a current driving state of the vehicle, and a biological feature factor of a driver in the current driving state; determining correlation coefficients between every two of the environment feature factor, the state feature factor and the biological feature factor, and generating a correlation coefficient sequence; performing fusion processing on the environment feature factor, the state feature factor and the biological feature factor based on the correlation coefficient sequence to obtain a driving behavior featurefactor of the driver; and determining the driving behavior state of the driver according to the driving behavior feature factor. According to the driving behavior analysis method, the driving behaviorstate is comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of the vehicle driving environment, the vehicle driving state, the driver biological feature and the like, and the accuracy of driving behavior state analysis can be improved.

The invention relates to a vehicle-mounted monitoring device and application. The device comprises a vehicle speed sensor, a pedal sensor, an external camera, an internal camera, a control module anda data transceiving unit; the external camera, the internal camera, the vehicle speed sensor, the pedal sensor and the data transceiving unit are all connected with the control module. The control module is used for: continuously collecting road information by a camera outside the vehicle: continuously analyzing the road information, when a preset event is obtained through analysis, calling an image collected by the camera in the vehicle and information collected by a vehicle speed sensor and a pedal sensor to judge whether dangerous driving behaviors or driving tendencies exist or not, and reporting the dangerous driving behaviors or driving tendencies to the cloud; using the camera in the vehicle to continuously collect image information of the driver; and continuously analyzing behaviors of the driver and reporting the behaviors to the cloud after finding that the driver has dangerous driving behaviors. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of comprehensive datacollection and the like.

The invention provides a method and device for an anti-monitoring behavior identity system in a taxi industry. The device comprises a taxi, wherein a GPS antenna is mounted outside the taxi; a centercontrol table, a seat I, a seat II and a seat III are mounted in the taxi; a vehicle-mounted meter and vehicle-mounted terminal equipment are mounted at the top of the center control table through bolts; the vehicle-mounted terminal equipment is arranged on the side of the vehicle-mounted meter, and comprises a multimedia player and an anti-monitoring behavior identification APP; and the anti-monitoring behavior APP comprises a fault tolerance module, a taxi cover camera recognition algorithm logic module, a human face recognition algorithm resource library, and a vehicle speed monitoring module. The method and device for the anti-monitoring behavior identity system in the taxi industry are the first in the industry, through the application of an artificial intelligence algorithm and an internet of things technology to realize the interconnection and intercommunication between the vehicle-mounted terminal equipment, the vehicle-mounted camera and the taxi enterprise management platform, a brand-new anti-monitoring behavior identity system in the taxi industry is created to help taxi enterprises to move towards automation, intelligence and informatization of supervision.

The invention relates to a vehicle flameout gliding judgement and habit guide system and method. The system comprises a vehicle-mounted terminal VDR, an intelligent controller, an instrument IC, an engine controller EECU and a vehicle remote management platform; the method comprises the steps that 1, the intelligent controller collects a CAN signal and a hardwire signal of a whole vehicle in realtime and conducts data processing according to fault tolerance requirements; 2, the intelligent controller divides flameout gliding judgement into a T1 stage, a T2 stage and a T3 stage; 3, the intelligent controller distinguishes system abnormal flameout gliding, unconscious flameout gliding and conscious flameout gliding and adopts different measures separately. Therefore, the technological baseis provided for subsequent processing measures, evidence is provided for confirmation and division of liability, driving behaviors of drivers can be normalized, the conscious flameout gliding behavioris reduced or eradicated, and the driving safety of the drivers is improved.