1215results about "Relative volume flow measurements" patented technology

Various embodiments of the present invention provide a flow meter device having a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) which measures the instantaneous center line velocity of fluid flow in a pipe. The flow meter may process the instantaneous velocity so obtained to compute the volumetric flow rate, mass rate, and / or other flow characteristics (e.g., as instantaneous quantities and / or integrated over a time interval) The flow meter may use an electronic processing method. The electronic processing method may provide essentially an exact solution to the Navier-Stokes equations for any periodically oscillating flow.

In a motor vehicle, a fuel consumption measurement system comprising: measuring device for the vehicle's fuel consumption as first data; measuring device for second data for variables which may affect the fuel consumption, the second data including at least locations traveled by the vehicle, and wherein vehicle's location is measured in real time using a global positioning system or using info provided by a cellular wireless supplier; c. storage for storing samples of the first data with the second data; d. computing device for analyzing in real time the stored first and second data for reaching conclusions relating to ways for reducing the fuel consumption, wherein the conclusions include at least the cost of fuel used; e. display for presenting the conclusions in real time to a vehicle's driver.

Aspects of the present invention provide for a novel photomask for patterning features for an integrated circuit, the photomask including masked features having interior nonprinting windows. In some embodiments, the interior nonprinting window is an alternating phase shifter, while the area surrounding the masked features transmits light unshifted. In other embodiments, the interior nonprinting window transmits light unshifted, while the area surrounding the masked features is an alternating phase shifter. Thus any arrangement of features can be patterned with no phase conflict.

The present invention is intended to provide a fuel consumption evaluation system which obtains quantitative data to determine whether actual driving has consumed fuel more efficiently or less efficiently than average driving and gives the driver and / or manager concrete advice for fuel-efficient driving based on the obtained data, and also provide a fuel consumption evaluation system which decides, based on obtained fuel efficiency data, whether driving is more fuel-efficient than average driving and sets a target and gives the driver and / or manager concrete advice for fuel-efficient driving based on the obtained data in consideration of change in vehicle total mass without any influence of slopes and traffic flows and particularly encourages and instructs, in real time, the driver to do fuel-efficient driving. The system comprises: engine speed measuring means (2) which measures engine speed of a truck (1); accelerator opening degree measuring means (3) which measures an accelerator opening degree (α); vehicle velocity measuring means (4) which measures vehicle velocity (V); fuel flow rate measuring means (5) which measures a fuel flow rate (Fw); and control means (10) which evaluates fuel consumption of the truck from measured engine speed (N), accelerator opening degree (α), vehicle velocity (V) and fuel flow rate (Fw). The control means, which has storage means (11), divides a run from start to stop into plural phases (start acceleration phase E1, steady running phase E2, deceleration phase E3, idling phase E4), sets fuel consumption-related parameters (“start acceleration shift-up engine speed N1 and start acceleration accelerator opening degree α1” P1, “steady running engine speed N2” P2, “deceleration coasting ratio” P3 and “idling velocity V4” P4) for each of the plural phases (E1-E4, determines fuel consumption (Q) for each of the plural phases (E1-E4) based on correlation (correlation line F in FIG. 5) between the parameters (P1, P2, P4) and fuel consumption (fuel consumption per unit distance traveled q), and makes an evaluation based on the determined fuel consumption (Q).

A hybrid vehicle battery information display device 1 includes a battery service life display unit 2 which estimates a degree of battery degradation with respect to a useful life of a battery 16 from data on vehicle travel and the like based on battery degradation data measured from a vehicle travel test 19, to display information on a battery service life; a travel fuel consumption display unit 3 which evaluates, from the vehicle travel test 19, a degradation degree of actual travel fuel consumption data due to the battery degradation for each drive pattern based on test travel fuel consumption data set for each drive pattern, to display information on a travel fuel consumption; and a display control unit 4 which controls the display of information on the battery service life.

A technique for determining pump flow without using traditional sensors features steps and modules for creating a calibrated power curve at closed valve conditions at several speeds; calculating coefficients from a normalized power curve based on a pump's power ratio; and solving a polynomial power equation for flow at the current operating point. The calibrated power curve may be created by increasing the speed of the pump from a minimum speed to a maximum speed and operating the pump with a closed discharge valve. This data is used to correct published performance for shutoff power and best efficiency point power at rated speed in order to determine the pump's power ratio. It is also used to accurately determine closed valve power at the current operating speed. The pump's power ratio is determined by the equation: Pratio=Pshutoff @100% / PBEP<sub2>—< / sub2>corr. The polynomial power equation may, for example, include a 3rd order polynomial equation developed using coefficients from the normalized power versus flow curve, and corrections may be made for speed, hydraulic efficiency and specific gravity in the polynomial power equation. Complex roots may be determined to solve the 3rd order polynomial equation using either Muller's method or some other suitable method, and the calculated actual flow may be determined for a specific operating point.

The present invention provides a vehicle display device which can display fuel consumption information of a vehicle in a useful and optimum mode for a driver. A meter_EUC calculates an instantaneous fuel consumption of a vehicle based on a mileage and a fuel injection quantity within a set time, calculates an average fuel consumption of the vehicle based on respective cumulative values of the mileage and the fuel injection quantity repeatedly calculated for every set time, and displays the deviation of the instantaneous fuel consumption with respect to the average fuel consumption as fuel consumption information on a fuel consumption meter. The display on the fuel consumption meter is performed by swinging a pointer with respect to a neutral position. When the deviation takes a positive value, the pointer is swung in the pulse direction with a swinging width corresponding to the deviation quantity, while when the deviation takes a negative value, the pointer is swung in the minus direction with a swinging width corresponding to the deviation quantity.

An apparatus and process for monitoring fluid flow through a nozzle is disclosed. A vibration sensor, such as an accelerometer, is mounted to a nozzle. The vibration output received from the sensor is then analyzed to determine whether or not the nozzle is operating properly. Through the present invention, information can be obtained regarding variations in flow rate, and / or variations in spray pattern and droplet size spectra. If the nozzle flow pulsates, the vibration sensor may also provide information regarding whether the nozzle is pulsating according to a desired frequency duty cycle or waveform.

The technology described herein provides a system and method for automatically increasing the remaining driving range of a vehicle when a low fuel or other condition is detected by altering the operating parameters of one or more vehicle systems to improve propulsion system efficiency and thereby lower fuel consumption. The vehicle range extending system is capable of altering the operating parameters of any vehicle system, including for example variable displacement settings, start-stop technology settings, and HVAC operation. The disclosed technology can also provide information to the driver, suggesting which system operating parameters should be altered to reduce the fuel consumption rate.

A method for fabricating a photomask for an integrated circuit. The method includes, for example, providing a substrate with at least one trench, providing a prepatterned surface at the bottom of the trench, and providing a multilayer coating over the substrate. As a result, the multilayer coating forms a reflection region on the surface of the substrate outside the trench and a non-reflection region in the trench. The invention additionally provides a corresponding photomask.

A system for diagnosing operation of a delta pressure sensor used with an internal combustion engine comprises an intake manifold and an exhaust manifold each operatively coupled to the engine, an EGR conduit fluidly coupled between the intake and exhaust manifolds, and a flow restriction mechanism disposed in-line with the EGR conduit, wherein the delta pressure sensor produces a delta pressure signal indicative of a pressure differential across the flow restriction mechanism. A control computer compares the delta pressure signal to a modeled delta pressure value modeled as a function of at least engine speed and one of engine load and engine output torque percentage, and diagnoses a fault state of the delta pressure sensor based on the comparison.

An arterial needle removes blood from the access to an extracorporeal circuit comprising a dialyzer and a venous needle returns the blood to the access site. Blood passes along one side of the membrane of the dialyzer and dialysis fluid along the other side. The concentration (Cd norm and Cd rev) of urea in the dialysate emitted from the dialyzer is measured with the needles in the normal position and in a reversed position. The access flow rate before the arterial needle is calculated according to the formula:in which Keff is the effective clearance of the dialyzer and Qa is the access flow rate.

A switch valve for use in an extracorporeal blood flow circuit comprises a valve housing having a chamber, four openings communicating with the chamber, and a valve member located in the valve chamber. A first opening is to be connected to a patient via an arterial cannula, a second opening is to be connected to a patient via an venous cannula, a third opening is to be connected to a first inlet / oulet of a blood treatment device, and a fourth opening is to be connected to a second inlet / outlet of a blood treatment device. The valve member is movable within the valve housing to fluidly connect the first opening to either the third or the fourth opening and to fluidly connect the second opening to either the third or the fourth opening. The width of the valve member is smaller than a peripheral dimension of the openings.

The present invention is intended to provide a fuel consumption evaluation system which obtains quantitative data to determine whether actual driving has consumed fuel more efficiently or less efficiently than average driving and gives the driver and / or manager concrete advice for fuel-efficient driving based on the obtained data, and also provide a fuel consumption evaluation system which decides, based on obtained fuel efficiency data, whether driving is more fuel-efficient than average driving and sets a target and gives the driver and / or manager concrete advice for fuel-efficient driving based on the obtained data in consideration of change in vehicle total mass without any influence of slopes and traffic flows and particularly encourages and instructs, in real time, the driver to do fuel-efficient driving. The system comprises: engine speed measuring means (2) which measures engine speed of a truck (1); accelerator opening degree measuring means (3) which measures an accelerator opening degree (α); vehicle velocity measuring means (4) which measures vehicle velocity (V); fuel flow rate measuring means (5) which measures a fuel flow rate (Fw); and control means (10) which evaluates fuel consumption of the truck from measured engine speed (N), accelerator opening degree (α), vehicle velocity (V) and fuel flow rate (Fw).

A pressure sensor senses a pressure of a fuel vapor system at a fuel vapor passage. An electronic control unit executes a post-depressurization period flow diagnosis to determine whether the fuel vapor passage is clogged based on a behavior of the pressure in the fuel vapor system, which is sensed with the pressure sensor in a sealed state of the fuel vapor system after introduction of a negative pressure into the fuel vapor system.

A switch valve for use in an extracorporeal blood flow circuit comprises a valve housing having a chamber, four openings communicating with the chamber, and a valve member located in the valve chamber. A first opening is to be connected to a patient via an arterial cannula, a second opening is to be connected to a patient via an venous cannula, a third opening is to be connected to a first inlet / oulet of a blood treatment device, and a fourth opening is to be connected to a second inlet / outlet of a blood treatment device. The valve member is movable within the valve housing to fluidly connect the first opening to either the third or the fourth opening and to fluidly connect the second opening to either the third or the fourth opening. The width of the valve member is smaller than a peripheral dimension of the openings.

A photomask for use in photolithography has substrate, a main pattern at one side of the substrate, and a transparency-adjusting layer at the other side of the substrate. The transparency-adjusting layer has a characteristic that allows it to change the intensity of the illumination incident on the main pattern during the exposure process accordingly. In manufacturing the photomask, a first exposure process is carried out on a wafer using just the substrate and main pattern. The critical dimensions of elements of the pattern formed on the wafer as a result of the first exposure process are measured. Differences between these critical dimensions and a reference critical dimension are then used in designing a layout of the transparency-adjusting layer in which the characteristic of the layer is varied to compensate for such differences.

A method of alerting a vehicle user to refuel prior to exceeding the remaining driving distance includes monitoring vehicle fuel conditions. The vehicle's remaining driving distance is determined by analyzing the vehicle's fuel condition. The location of the vehicle is monitored and the location of at least one gas station within the remaining driving distance of the vehicle is provided to the user.

A fuel-vapor-processing system for an engine has a canister for accumulating fuel evaporation gas. The system has a leak-check apparatus for checking a leak on passages. The leak-check apparatus includes a leak-check means for carrying out leak-check processing when the engine if in a stopped state. The leak-check means operates only if a predetermined condition is satisfied. It is thus possible to reduce the number of times the leak-check processing is carried out and, hence, possible to reduce power consumption. For example, only if a relatively small leak is detected when the engine is in a running state, the leak-check processing is carried out in a stopped state to verify existence of such a leak. In the leak-check processing, the temperature of fuel, detected by a sensor or an estimated value, may be taken into consideration.

Construction machinery is capable of prompting an operator to control or operate the machinery to improve fuel consumption. The fuel consumption per time or the fuel consumption per work amount is measured, and an image showing a difference between the measured fuel consumption per time and a set fuel consumption per time or between the measured fuel consumption per work amount and a set fuel consumption per work amount is displayed on a display device (30). When the measured fuel consumption per time is larger than the preset fuel consumption per time or the measured fuel consumption per work amount is larger than the set fuel consumption per work amount, an indication for prompting the operator to improve the fuel consumption is displayed on the display device (30).

The method comprises the steps consisting in assuming that the gain of at least one injector is equal to a theoretical gain or an updated gain, and in replacing each of at least one reference injection of injection control duration controlled by the engine control unit in application of a stored characteristic, with a multiple injection comprising a succession of at least two injections of injection control durations that are assumed to cause the same mass of fuel to be injected as by the replaced reference injection, in determining the fuel mass difference between the reference injection and the multiple injection, in deducing therefrom an error in determining the characteristic, and in modifying the gain and / or the offset of the linear zone of the initial characteristic or at least a table or mathematical relationship for the non-linear zone of said characteristic, so as to compensate the error, and storing the new characteristic as determined in this way. Applications to real time determination as a function of the injection control duration of the flow rate characteristic of fuel injectors for internal combustion engines fed by injection.

The evaluation system for vehicle operating conditions comprises an automatic control device (10, 27) for setting target vehicle operating conditions and controlling the vehicle so as to achieve the target operating conditions, and a display device (4) mounted on the vehicle. The system determines whether operation that worsens fuel economy has been performed or not on the basis of the operating conditions of the vehicle; determines the operating state of the automatic control device (10, 27) based on the operating conditions of the vehicle; computes the excess fuel consumption, which is the fuel amount consumed in excess by operation that worsens the fuel economy, based on operating conditions of the vehicle and the operating state of the automatic control device (10, 27); and displays the computed excess fuel consumption to the display device (4).

A system and method for maximizing a vehicle's fuel efficiency preferably without inconveniencing the driver, includes maximizing a ratio of a real-time parameter proportional to engine load or engine power to fuel flow or air flow rate referred to herein as the P / F ratio. This ratio is calculated to evaluate engine fuel efficiency. With the system and method, the throttle is operated incrementally to increase or decrease the throttle in a manner to maximize the P / F ratio, thus maximizing fuel efficiency, in a pulse phase. The system and method implement an on and off pulse width modulation (“PWM”) style of control to modulate engine power and acceleration to achieve the speed that the driver desires, based on the position of the accelerator pedal. When the desired speed is achieved, the throttle is released and when the speed drops a sufficient amount, the throttle is re-engaged to reach the desired speed again. When the throttle is disengaged or when the driver releases the accelerator pedal, the system and method implement a glide phase, where the vehicle coasts without use of fuel or in neutral with very limited use of fuel and minimum engine drag.

The invention discloses a system for measuring and monitoring the fuel consumption of an automobile in use in real time and a measurement and monitoring method thereof. The system comprises on-board equipment, roadside equipment and a monitoring center, wherein the on-board equipment is arranged in the automobile, is connected with an on-board self-diagnosis system by an on-board diagnosis (OBD) interface module to read fuel consumption information and automobile information, and calculates the total fuel consumption of an engine by a master control unit; and the roadside equipment reads the total fuel consumption of the automobile by wireless communication and transmits super-standard automobile information to the monitoring center. In the method, the total fuel consumption is calculated by the fuel consumption information read from the on-board self-diagnosis system and a fuel charge calculation formula; and the roadside equipment reads the fuel consumption of the automobile and the super-standard automobile information to the monitoring center for processing by the wireless communication, and simultaneously informs a driver of the automobile with the super-standard fuel consumption. In the system and the method, data is read from the on-board self-diagnosis system, so the technology is simple and reliable and the detection accuracy is high; and the system and the method are applied to the fuel consumption detection of the automobile in any state to integrate the fuel consumption detection, maintenance and management of the automobile.

This fuel efficiency display device for a fuel cell vehicle includes: a first interval vehicle efficiency obtaining device which obtains a first interval vehicle efficiency being a fraction of a generated traveling energy with respect to a consumed fuel amount in a predetermined first time-interval; a second interval traveling energy obtaining device which obtains a second interval traveling energy being a traveling energy generated in a predetermined second time-interval which is shorter than the first time-interval; and a second interval fuel efficiency obtaining device which obtains a second interval fuel efficiency being a fuel efficiency in the second time-interval, based on at least the first interval vehicle efficiency and the second interval traveling energy.