The invention provides a fabricated building construction positioning and mounting structure, and relates to the technical field of building construction. The fabricated building construction positioning and mounting structure comprises a wallboard body, four circular rods are arranged at the top of the wallboard body, first belt wheels are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the four circular rods, first belts are arranged on the outer sides of the first belt wheels, and a second belt wheel is fixedly connected to the outer side of one circular rod. According to the fabricated building construction positioning and mounting structure, two steel plate bodies are loosened, at the moment, rotating rods move relatively, the rotating rods move relatively to drive clamping connecting plates to move relatively, reinforcing steel bar bodies can be clamped, and if the positions of the reinforcing steel bar bodies are accurate enough, the clamping connecting plates can just clamp all the reinforcing steel bar bodies; and the structure is beneficial for quickly judging whether the positions of the reinforcing steel bar bodies are accurate positions or not, so that the wallboard reserved steel bar can be conveniently and accurately mounted into a steel sleeve, and reworking and influence on construction efficiency are avoided.