The invention discloses a machine integrating pesticide spraying and rice seedling transplanting. The machine comprises a rice seedling transplanting device and a pesticide spraying device, the pesticide spraying device is arranged on a rack of the rice seedling transplanting device, the pesticide spraying device comprises pesticide barrels, booster pumps and spray nozzles, a cab is arranged in the middle of the rack, the pesticide barrels are placed at the two sides behind the cab respectively, a support is arranged at the front end of the rack, the support is divided into three segments, one ends of a first segment and a third segment are each provided with a hook, the six or more booster pumps are evenly arranged on the support, one end of each booster pump is connected with the corresponding pesticide barrel through a water pipe, and the other end of each booster pump is connected with the corresponding spray nozzles through a water pipe. According to the machine, the original primary structure of a rice transplanter is utilized, and the pesticide spraying device is added, so that the effect that the single machine is used for double purposes is achieved; the functions of the multiple pumps are utilized, the scientization of pesticide spraying is achieved, repeated pesticide spraying is avoided, missed pesticide spraying is prevented, and the prevention and treatment effect is improved; the problem that the rice transplanter is low in use efficiency is effectively solved, and meanwhile the machinery cost for pesticide spraying and prevention and treatment is saved; the labor efficiency is greatly improved, and the main point is that the pesticide spraying efficiency is improved.