The invention aims to provide a cable laying device for electric power engineering construction and a use method thereof. The cable laying device comprises a cable rack and a tractor; the tractor comprises a driving wheel and a driven wheel, a belt is wound between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, a gear is fixed in the axis direction of the driving wheel, an adjusting base is fixed at thebottom of the gear, a mounting base is arranged below the adjusting base, at least four retractable rods are hinged between the adjusting base and the mounting base, an adjusting rod is hinged to oneretractable rod, a horizontally-arranged screw rod is rotationally connected into the mounting base, the end, away from the retracting rods, of the adjusting rod is in threaded connection with the screw rod, a driving mechanism for automatically driving the screw rod to rotate is fixedly mounted at the end part of the screw rod, and the driving wheel is slidably connected to the mounting base. According to the cable laying device for electric power engineering construction and the use method thereof, the problem that when cables are laid in a pipeline, due to improper traction control, the belt is prone to looseness is solved. The device has the effects of automatically adjusting the belt when the belt is loosened, reducing the conditions of belt deviation and failure and improving the construction efficiency.