The invention discloses a measurement and control analysis system based on a low-current grounding line selection device. The system comprises an input module, a display module, a man-machine interface, a current collector, a voltage collector, a central controller, a microprocessor and a line selection unit module, single-wire grounding fault information is collected by the current collector and the voltage collector, processed by a digital to analog converter, and transmitted to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor identifies the fault information and sends the processed fault information to a communication module and a signal generator. According to the invention, onsite condition can be detected in real time, a more real detection result is provided, the automatic degree of the whole system structure is higher, the labor cost is reduced to certain extent, operation is rapid and accurate, selection errors or missing selection are avoided, the central controller is combined with the microprocessor during use, man-machine interaction, communication management and line selection tasks are distinguished clearly, and convenience is provided for post management and operation.