The invention provides a dust filter detection method and a mobile terminal, relating to the technical field of mobile terminals. The method comprises the steps of when a target sounding device in a mobile terminal sounds, collecting multiple first impedances of the target sounding device and multiple first frequencies of a sound signal; generating a target impedance curve according to the multiple first impedances and the multiple first frequencies; determining a target impedance corresponding to a preset resonant frequency in the target impedance curve; and when a difference between a presetimpedance and the target impedance is greater than a preset difference, determining that the dust filter of the target sounding device is abnormal. In the method, when the difference between the preset impedance and the target impedance is greater than the preset difference, the mobile terminal can determine that a diaphragm in the target sounding device is prevented from vibrating, consequently,the impedance of the target sounding device is reduced, and then the dust filter of the target sounding device is determined abnormal.