916results about "Combustion ignition" patented technology

In a dielectric window 41 for a plasma processing apparatus, a first dielectric window recess 47 is formed on an outer region of a surface of the dielectric window 41 in a diametrical direction of the dielectric window 41 at a side where plasma is generated, and the first dielectric window recess 47 is extended in a ring shape and has a tapered shape inwardly in a thickness direction of the dielectric window 41. A multiple number of second dielectric window recesses 53a to 53g are formed between the center of the dielectric window 41 and the first dielectric window recess 47, and each of the second dielectric window recesses 53a to 53g is recessed inwardly in the thickness direction of the dielectric window 41 from the surface of the dielectric window 41.

An apparatus, method, or system of lighting units comprising a plurality of lighting elements, such as one or more LEDs, each element having an associated optic which is individually positionable. In embodiments of the present invention, one or more optics are developed using optimization techniques that allow for lighting different target areas in an effective manner by rotating or otherwise positioning the reflectors, refractive lenses, TIR lenses, or other lens types to create a composite beam. The apparatus, method, or system of lighting herein makes it possible to widely vary the types of beams from an available fixture using a small number of inventoried optics and fixtures. In some cases, by using a combination of individual beam patterns, a small set of individual optics would be sufficient to create a majority of the typical and specialized composite beams needed to meet the needs of most lighting projects and target areas.

A dark spot defect caused by short-circuiting of an EL element is detected based on an emission brightness or a current flowing through the EL element when an element driving transistor which controls a drive current to be supplied to the EL element is operated in its linear operating region and the EL element is set to an emission level. A dim spot defect caused by a characteristic variation of the element driving transistor can be detected based on a current flowing through the EL element when the element driving transistor is operated in its saturation operating region and the EL element is set to the emission level. When an abnormal display pixel is detected based on an emission brightness, a pixel which is determined as an abnormal display pixel and which is not determined as a dark spot defect during a dark spot inspection is determined, and the pixel is detected as a dim spot defect caused by the characteristic variation of the element driving transistor.

An LED apparatus of the type including (a) a mounting board having an LED-supporting surface with an LED device thereon and (b) a lens member over the LED device establishing a light path therebetween. The inventive LED apparatus includes a lens-aligning member having front and back surfaces and defining an aperture receiving the LED device therethrough such that the LED device protrudes beyond the front surface. The lens member includes a lens portion and a flange thereabout, the flange being attached to the front surface of the lens-aligning member such that the lens portion substantially surrounds the protruding LED device. The lens-aligning member has a first mating feature which is positioned and arranged for mating engagement with a second mating feature of the mounting board, thereby accurately aligning the lens member over the LED device by accurately aligning the lens-alignment member with the mounting board. Other aspects of the invention is a method for LED-apparatus assembly and a method for manufacturing custom high-efficiency LED lensing for LED-array modules.

In accordance with the present invention, methods and apparatus to control the combustion of a burner are presented which overcome many of the problems of the prior art. One aspect of the invention comprises a burner control apparatus including a device for viewing light emitted by a flame from a burner, a device for optically transporting the viewed light into an optical processor, an optical processor for processing the optical spectrum into electrical signals, a signal processing for processing the electrical signals obtained from the optical spectrum, and a control device which accepts the electrical signals and produces an output acceptable to one or more oxidant or fuel flow control devices. The control device, which may be referred to as a "burner computer," functions to control the oxidant flow and / or the fuel flow to the burner. In a particularly preferred apparatus embodiment of the invention, a burner and the burner control apparatus are integrated into a single unit, which may be referred to as a "smart" burner.

A dark spot defect of an EL element is detected based on an emission brightness or a current flowing through the EL element when an element driving transistor which controls a drive current to be supplied to the EL element is operated in its linear operating region and the EL element is set to an emission level. A dim spot defect caused can be detected based on a current flowing through the EL element when the element driving transistor is operated in its saturation operating region and the EL element is set to the emission level. When an abnormal display pixel is detected based on an emission brightness, a pixel which is determined as an abnormal display pixel and which is not determined as a dark spot defect is determined, and the pixel is detected as a dim spot defect caused by the characteristic variation of the element driving transistor.

An improved light-emitting panel having a plurality of micro-components sandwiched between two substrates is disclosed. Each micro-component contains a gas or gas-mixture capable of ionization when a sufficiently large voltage is supplied across the micro-component via at least two electrodes. A method of testing a light-emitting panel and the component parts therein is also disclosed, which uses a web fabrication process to manufacturing light-emitting panels combined with inline testing after the various process steps of the manufacturing process to produce result which are used to adjust the various process steps and component parts.

Disclosed herein are apparatus, methods, and systems for deriving composite beams from a plurality of light sources such as LEDs. Optical units comprising a plurality of light sources, each source having an associated optic which is individually positionable, are developed using optimization techniques that allow for lighting different target areas in an effective manner by rotating or otherwise positioning the reflectors, refractive lenses, TIR lenses, or other lens types to create a composite beam. The apparatus, methods, and systems of lighting herein make it possible to widely vary the types of beams from an available fixture using a small number of optics and fixtures. In some cases, by using a combination of individual beam patterns from the same or different types of light sources, a small set of individual optics may be sufficient to create a majority of the typical and specialized composite beams needed to meet the needs of most lighting projects and target areas.

A light emitting diode (LED) illuminant system, a manufacture method thereof, and a backlight module using the same are provided. The LED illuminant system includes a plurality of white light illuminants and at least one green light illuminant mixed in the white light illuminants. A light power ratio of the green light illuminant to the white light illuminants is in between ⅕ to 1 / 20. The color temperature of the whole illuminant system will be enhanced to a certain extent by mixing the green light illuminant and the white light illuminants. The manufacture method includes the following steps: obtaining a transmission spectrum of the white light illuminants; analyzing the transmission spectrum to determine n supplemental amount of a green light; and disposing at least one green illuminant in accordance with the supplemental amount of the green light.

An LED apparatus of the type including (a) a mounting board having an LED-supporting surface with an LED device thereon and (b) a lens member over the LED device establishing a light path therebetween. The inventive LED apparatus includes a lens-aligning member having front and back surfaces and defining an aperture receiving the LED device therethrough such that the LED device protrudes beyond the front surface. The lens member includes a lens portion and a flange thereabout, the flange being attached to the front surface of the lens-aligning member such that the lens portion substantially surrounds the protruding LED device. The lens-aligning member has a first mating feature which is positioned and arranged for mating engagement with a second mating feature of the mounting board, thereby accurately aligning the lens member over the LED device by accurately aligning the lens-alignment member with the mounting board. Other aspects of the invention is a method for LED-apparatus assembly and a method for manufacturing custom high-efficiency LED lensing for LED-array modules.

A method for manufacturing an electron source includes the steps of covering a substrate provided with a first electrode and a second electrode by a container, introducing a gas composed of a carbon compound into the container, and forming a carbon film by applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. The relationship 1 / (4 / Cx-1 / Cz)>=Sout>=4Sact-Cin is satisfied, where Cin is the conductance from the gas inlet to the position of the substrate nearest to the gas inlet, Cx is the conductance from the position of the substrate nearest to the gas inlet to the position of the substrate nearest to the gas outlet, Sout is the effective exhaust rate, Sact is the consumption rate of the gas, and Cz is the conductance from the substrate to the gas outlet. An apparatus for manufacturing an electron source and a method for manufacturing an image-forming apparatus are also disclosed.

A method for producing a durable electron-emitting device having a uniform electron emission characteristic, an electron source, and an image-forming apparatus having a uniform display characteristic for a long period are provided. The method for producing an electron-emitting device according to the present invention includes the steps of: disposing a cathode electrode on a surface of a substrate; providing an electrode opposite the cathode electrode; disposing plural pieces of fiber containing carbon as a main component on the cathode electrode; and applying potential higher than potential applied to the cathode electrode under depressurized condition to an electrode opposite the cathode electrode.

A display device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The display device includes an illuminate unit and a color filter. The illuminate unit has a light-emitting chip and a plurality of quantum dot phosphors for generating a color light which has an optical spectrum including the first blue peak wavelength, a first green peak wavelength, and a first red peak wavelength. The color filter is disposed in the light path of the color light, wherein the color filter has a transmittance spectrum having a second blue peak wavelength, a second green peak wavelength, and a second red peak wavelength. The first blue peak wavelength, the first green peak wavelength, and the first red peak wavelength respectively match the second blue peak wavelength, the second green peak wavelength, and the second red peak wavelength in order to enhance the color performance of the display device.

In a method of a manufacturing flat display apparatuses by working flat substrates, a flat substrate is prepared having a first region which is used as a flat display apparatus and a second region outside the first region. After the first region is worked as desired, the second region is cut and separated from the flat substrate.

A light source and method for making the same are disclosed. The light source includes a plurality of Segmented LEDs connected in parallel to a power bus and a controller. The power bus accepts a variable number of Segmented LEDs. The controller receives AC power and provides a power signal on the power bus. Each Segmented LED is characterized by a driving voltage that is greater than 3 times the driving voltage of a conventional LED fabricated in the same material system as the Segmented LED. The number of Segmented LEDs in the light source is chosen to compensate for variations in the light output of individual Segmented LEDs introduced by the manufacturing process. In another aspect of the invention, the number of Segmented LEDs connected to the power bus can be altered after the light source is assembled.

An LED module, selectively comprising at least zero, one, or a plurality of LEDs from Group B and / or Group G and / or Group R and at least one or more LEDs from Group P. The concentration of phosphors / phosphor mixtures of the LEDs in Group P is selected such that the photometric efficiency (lm / W) thereof is at or near the maximum as a function of the CIE x-coordinates.

An ignition plug having a metallic shell with a through hole extending therethrough in an axial direction, an insulator fitted into the through hole of the metallic shell and having an axial hole extending in the axial direction, and a center electrode fitted into the axial hole of the insulator. The ignition plug further includes a cap member which covers a front end opening of the metallic shell, provided on a front end side thereof where the center electrode is disposed, to thereby form an ignition chamber at the front end portion of the metallic shell, and a ground electrode disposed within the ignition chamber and facing a circumferential surface of the center electrode directly or indirectly.

The present invention relates to the adjustment of luminance. The present invention is a method of manufacturing image forming apparatus including a step of applying characteristic shift voltage comprising a plurality of pulses in which the amplitude of the pulse obtained from the look-up table has two or more values, to the emitter, the look-up table storing the amplitude of the pulse and the number of the pulse for shifting characteristic of emitters to a predetermined luminance target value on the basis of the measurement result of the luminance. Moreover, the present invention is a method of manufacturing image forming apparatus comprising a step of applying the second pulses of characteristic shift voltage having the amplitude which was determined in response to the measurement result of the luminance after the first characteristic shift voltage had been applied to the emitter.

A time-varying voltage is applied to an electrode, or a pair of electrodes, of a sensor installed in a fuel nozzle disposed adjacent the combustion zone of a continuous combustion system, such as of the gas turbine engine type. The time-varying voltage induces a time-varying current in the flame which is measured and used to determine flame capacitance using AC electrical circuit analysis. Flame capacitance is used to accurately determine the position of the flame from the sensor and the fuel / air ratio. The fuel and / or air flow rate (s) is / are then adjusted to provide reduced flame instability problems such as flashback, combustion dynamics and lean blowout, as well as reduced emissions. The time-varying voltage may be an alternating voltage and the time-varying current may be an alternating current.

The present invention is to provide a display panel, a multi-layer display element, and a method of fabricating same, which can readily align alignment positions of individual display panels with each other even though common alignment marks are provided on each of display panels. A display panel includes a pair of substrates faced to each other as a display material layer is sandwiched between the substrates, a plurality of pixels provided in a plane almost in parallel with a substrate surface between the substrates, and a plurality of alignment marks formed in different shapes and linearly arranged on at least one of the pair of the substrates at a predetermined interval for alignment in placing the display panels in layers.

A process for control of the alumina content of the bath in a cell for production of aluminum by electrolysis of alumina dissolved in a molten cryolite-base salt, consisting of alternation of phases of alumina underfeeding and phases of alumina overfeeding compared with a theoretical mean rate of alumina consumption of the cell, the said alternation being a function of values, calculated at the end of each control cycle i of duration T, of the mean resistance R(i) measured at the cell electrode terminals, of the rate of change of this resistance or resistance slope P(i), of the rate of change of the resistance slope or curvature C(i) and of the extrapolated slope PX(i)=P(i)+C(i)xT, these values being compared respectively with reference values Po, Co and PXo in order to modulate, according to an appropriate control algorithm, the alumina content of the bath in a very narrow concentration range between 1.5 and 3.5%.

The invention discloses a multichannel plasma area igniting burner. The igniting burner comprises a plasma power supply, a nozzle, an air inlet fish nozzle, a tangential air hole, an air pipe, a hollow insulator, a high-voltage electrode, an insulation piece, a low-voltage electrode, a housing, a swirl chamber, air vents, barrier mediums, a low-speed area, center jet flow and a flame stabilization chamber. Fuel oil is atomized by the use of a splash plate disposed inside the air inlet pipe, mixed gas composed of high-speed rotation air-flow and direct current jet flow is disposed inside the igniting burner, and the two flows cool the igniting burner. The space between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode is filled with the inflammable mixed gas flowing at a low speed, so that multi-point discharge and ignition can be carried out in a low-speed mixed gas area inside the igniting burner; and an on-duty high-temperature combustion thermonuclear area and the flame stabilization chamber have ignition source and flame stabilization functions and form a miniature high-speed combustion chamber, so that the combustion chamber can efficiently and reliably ignite and keep flames stable under poor conditions such as high-speed, low-temperature, low-pressure, coal firing and the like.

A system of detection and analysis of gas or fuel oil flames using optical devices, consisting of a sensor that targets the flame's reaction zone through an optical access, a processing and control module, and an actuator, responsible for controlling the damper. The system optimizes combustion equipment operation by controlling the damper, obtaining better performance and reducing polluting emissions.

A premix burner arrangement with catalytic combustion provides a fuel / air mixture to a combustion chamber of a gas turbine arrangement. The premix burner arrangement includes a premix burner, at least one fuel addition unit, and air inlet openings arranged in such a way that at least one of gaseous and liquid fuel can be mixed with combustion inlet air inside the premix burner to form a fuel / air mixture. The fuel / air mixture exits from the premix burner downstream in the direction towards a combustion chamber positioned after the premix burner arrangement and can be ignited inside the combustion chamber. A catalyzer unit is provided before the entrance of the fuel / air mixture into the combustion chamber. Part of the fuel / air mixture can be introduced into and passed through the catalyzer unit before the catalyzed part of the fuel / air mixture flows together with the remaining portion of the fuel / air mixture into the combustion chamber.

A light scattering section is formed on at least part of a surface of a sealing resin section including fluorescent bodies and covering light emitting diode chips. Light from the light emitting diode chips is scattered by the light scattering section, and then is returned to the sealing resin section so as to excite the fluorescent bodies so that fluorescence is generated. Part of the light to be emitted outside a light emitting element from the light emitting diode chips returns to the sealing resin section so that chromaticity of the light is converted by the fluorescent bodies, thereby adjusting a chromaticity variation among the light emitting elements. In this way, the chromaticity variation among the light emitting elements can be adjusted.

In a method of manufacturing a display apparatus, an opposite substrate on which a conductive pattern is formed is coupled with a display substrate to face the display substrate, and the opposite substrate is cut to partially expose the display substrate. Since the conductive pattern is cut with the opposite substrate during the cutting of the opposite substrate, an electric resistance of the conductive pattern is changed. The change in electric resistance of the conductive pattern is detected to determine whether the opposite substrate is cut or not.

A method for manufacturing an organic light emitting display. Pixel portions are formed on a mother substrate. A test wiring for testing pixel portions is formed at a peripheral portion of the mother substrate. A sealing material is formed at one surface of a sealing substrate to enclose the pixel portions, the sealing substrate being sealed to be spaced apart from the mother substrate. A spacer is formed at a side region of the one surface of the sealing substrate on which the sealing material is formed. The mother substrate and the sealing substrate are adhered to each other by the sealing material to seal the pixel portions within an enclosure formed by the mother substrate, sealing surface, and sealing material. A part of the sealing substrate is scribed and removed to expose the test wiring, the part of sealing substrate being arranged over a portion of the test wiring.

An optical device capable of illuminating visual light with adjusting color temperature after fabrication is disclosed. The optical device includes a solid state light emitter and a phosphor layer, which is formed over the solid state light emitter. The solid state light emitter, which can be a light emitter diode (“LED”), converts electrical energy to blue light. The phosphor layer subsequently converts first light with a first wavelength to second light with a second wavelength. In one example, the first light is blue light while the second light is white light. A portion of the phosphor layer is adjusted after the phosphor layer is formed for adjusting color of the white light in accordance with color quality of the light detected by a light detector.