508 results about "Waveguide array" patented technology

Chemically or biochemically active agents or other species are patterned on a substrate surface by providing a micromold having a contoured surface and forming, on a substrate surface, a chemically or biochemically active agent or fluid precursor of a structure. A chemically or biochemically active agent or fluid precursor also can be transferred from indentations in an applicator to a substrate surface. The substrate surface can be planar or non-planar. Fluid precursors of polymeric structures, inorganic ceramics and salts, and the like can be used to form patterned polymeric articles, inorganic salts and ceramics, reactive ion etch masks, etc. at the surface. The articles can be formed in a pattern including a portion having a lateral dimension of less than about 1 millimeter or smaller. The indentation pattern of the applicator can be used to transfer separate, distinct chemically or biochemically active agents or fluid precursors to separate, isolated regions of a substrate surface. Waveguide arrays, combinatorial chemical or biochemical libraris, etc. can be made. Differences in refractive index of waveguide and cladding can be created by subjecting the waveguide and cladding, made of indentical prepolymeric material, to different polymerization or cross-linking conditions. Interferometers are defined by coupling arrays of waveguides, where coupling can be controlled by altering the difference in refractive index between cladding and waveguide at any desired location of the array. Alteration and refractive index can be created photochemically, chemically, or the like. Sensors also are disclosed, including biochemical sensors.

A small variable demultiplexer capable of improving yield and stabilizing characteristics can be obtained. The small variable demultiplexer includes an SiO2 layer serving as a base medium, a waveguide array, a heater serving as an external refractive index modulating unit and a heat sink serving as the external refractive index modulating unit. The waveguide array is arranged on the SiO2 layer. The waveguide array is formed of the plurality of Si photonic wire waveguides serving as waveguides. The heater and the heat sink provide a refractive index gradient which is formed in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the Si photonic wire waveguide, and is variable depending on the plurality of Si photonic wire waveguides. The Si photonic wire waveguide has a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure in the extension direction of the Si photonic wire waveguide.