The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition based on an active ingredient that is enclosed in liposomes for topical, transdermal application. The interior of said liposomes comprises an acidic, aqueous medium containing at least one cholinesterase inhibitor, preferably from the group containing donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, physostigmine, heptylphysostigmine, phenserine, tolserine, cymserine, thiatolserine, thiacymserine, neostigmine, huperzine, tacrine, metrifonate and dichlorvos, or an enantiomer or derivative of at least one of said compounds. In addition, the invention relates to a method for producing said composition, optionally in a sterile form and also to the use of the liposomes charged with the active ingredient in various galenic formulations for topical, transdermal application with a depot effect in the epidermis, for the prophylaxis and / or treatment of cutaneous neuropathic pain or the loss of cutaneous sensory function as a result of neuropathy.