The invention relates to an Illumination and
observation system (1) for a
microscope (2), in particular a
microscope for performing
eye surgery, a
microscope and a microscopying method. The Illumination and
observation system (1) comprises a first, second, third and fourth observation
pupil (4, 5, 8, 9) for the eyes of two observers such as a surgeon and an assistant, a coaxial illumination (6, 10, 11) in the first, third and fourth observation
pupil (4, 8, 9) to generate a red
reflex (13) in the first, third and fourth observation
pupil (4, 8, 9), and a main illumination (7) in the second observation pupil (5). In order to provide a wide illumination of the surroundings, the main illumination has a larger field of illumination than the coaxial illumination (6, 10, 11) in any of the first,third and fourth observation pupil (4, 8, 9), To provide superior observation quality, in particular for the observer using the second observation pupil (5) and further to be able to generate a visible and homogenous red
reflex in the second observation pupil (5), it is provided according to the invention that the main illumination overlaps at least 50 % with the second observation pupil (5) to generate a red
reflex (13) in the second observation pupil (5). Further improvements relate to align the main illumination (7) within + / - 5 DEG to an
optical axis (12) of the second observation pupil (5) and to overlap the coaxial illumination (6, 10, 11) at least 50 % with the respective first, third and fourth observation pupil (4, 8, 9).