56 results about "Molecular communication" patented technology

PCT No. PCT / DK96 / 00158 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 26, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 26, 1997 PCT Filed Apr. 1, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO96 / 30394 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 3, 1996The invention relates to the technical application of electromagnetic radiation such as microwaves and radiowaves and application of ultra sound to chain molecules. In particular, the present invention relates to the utilization of topological excitations such as wring, twist and torsional modes, e.g., for generating structure, such as in folding, refolding or renaturation, and denaturation or unfolding of peptides, polypeptides, proteins, and enzymes; for generating changes in molecular affinity; for stimulating drug receptor interactions; and for changing molecular communication, is described. The technique is based on a new understanding of the underlying physical phenomenon and can also be applied to other chain molecules and biologically active biomolecules and tailored polymers such as glucoproteins, antibodies, genomic chain molecules such as DNA and RNA as well as PNA, carbohydrates, and synthetic and natural organic polymers. The invention is especially applicable for solving problems related to inclusion bodies and aggregation when using recombinant DNA and protein engineering techniques. Furthermore, the invention can be utilized in therapeutic treatment and in development and production of pharmaceuticals. The area of applicability ranges from biotechnological industry, food industry, drug industry, pharmacological industry, chemical industry, and concerns, e.g., the treatment of conditions and diseases related to influenza, hepatitis, polio, malaria, borrelia, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, other prion related diseases, multiple sclerosis, cataract, heart diseases, cancer, and aging.

The invention relates to a method for determining a bit error rate of a diffused multicast molecular communication network, which comprises the following steps: a first step, establishing a diffused multicast molecular communication model and analyzing a bit error rate in a hop link, wherein in a binary molecular communication model, whether a sender nanomachine is used for releasing molecules isused for representing different bit information; if the currently transmitted bit is 1, a specified type of molecules are released into a biological environment, and the molecules move in Brownian form in the medium; if the transmitted bit is 0, the molecules are not released; a second step, analyzing the bit error rate of the multicast molecular communication network under the relay strategy thateach nanomachine adopts different types of molecules; a third step, analyzing the bit error rate of the multicast molecular communication network under the relay strategy that each nanomachine adoptsdifferent types of molecules and proposing a method of adjusting the threshold to effectively reduce the interference when the same type of molecules are transmitted between the parallel relay nanomachines. The method effectively resolves the bit error rate and reduces the interference.

There is provided a molecular communication system capable of transmitting an information molecule in which predetermined information is encoded to a target destination under good controllability. The molecular communication system includes a molecular transmitter for transmitting the information molecule with prescribed information encoded, a molecular receiver for receiving the information molecule, and a molecule transmission channel extending between the molecular transmitter and the molecular receiver. The molecule transmission channel defines a transmission path formed of macromolecular (or polymer) materials, along which carrier molecules are circulating in a prescribed direction. The information molecule output from the molecular transmitter is loaded on the carrier molecule and carried to the molecular receiver.

The invention discloses a channel capacity optimization method for a diffusion-based multi-user molecular communication model. The method comprises the following steps of step 1.using normal distribution to approach binary distribution to acquire the number of received molecules of an RN at the current time slot; step 2.establishing a hypothesis detection channel model for a diffusion-based molecular communication model; step 3.acquiring a mathematical expression of an optimal decision threshold value by utilizing a minimum error probability judgment criterion in order to acquire an optimal decision threshold value eta; and step 4.acquiring an optimal channel capacity value based on the optimal decision threshold value eta. According to the channel capacity optimization method based on thediffusion-based multi-user molecular communication model, which is provided by the invention, the channel capacity can be effectively improved.

The invention discloses a demodulation method in molecular communication. The demodulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: assuming that an originating party adopts a time-slot on-off keying (OOK) method to represent a digital signal, judging whether a molecular concentration received in a time slot has an obvious rising process or not during the demodulation process, if the molecular concentration has the obvious rising process, demodulating the molecular concentration to be information bit '1', and otherwise demodulating to be information bit '0'. By adopting the demodulation method, the defect of unreliability caused by demodulation by virtue of detection of the molecular concentration can be overcome; and moreover, the molecular concentration only needs to be sampled in a period of time after the beginning of each time slot rather than in the whole time slot, so that the calculation burden of the demodulation algorithm is alleviated. Meanwhile, the technical scheme is realized according to a variation rate of the molecular concentration, so that the influence of the intersymbol interference caused by a molecular aggregation problem on a demodulation result can be effectively alleviated, the reliability of the demodulation algorithm is improved, and the demodulation method is generally suitable for demodulating information in the molecular communication based on a diffusion way.

A communication method based on a binary molecular communication model comprises the following steps: first, establishing a communication model based on a binary molecule, wherein after a nanometer machine at a sending side releases a molecule, the molecule carious out Brownian movement in a medium, and a probability density distribution function f(t) of the time required by a molecule moving from the nanometer machine at the sending side to a nano-meter machine at a receiving side distance d far from the nanometer machine at the sending side and a cumulative distribution function F(t) corresponding to the probability density distribution function are described in the description; second, designing a transmission mechanism between the nano-meter machine at the sending side and the nano-meter machine at the receiving mode, wherein, in the binary molecular communication model, molecules with different types are sent in order to represent bit 1 and 0 respectively; and third, implementing communication with high throughput and high efficiency in accordance with the transmission mechanism of the binary molecular communication model in the second step. The invention provides the communication method based on a binary molecular communication model, which has higher throughput and high communication efficiency.

A method for a microscope-based quantitative analysis of contact-dependent cell-to-cell transfer between cells. Single donor cells containing a traceable marker are cultured in a lawn of acceptor cells to allow cell-to-cell transfers. The donor and acceptor cells are then imaged and / or stained for microscopy to determine the location, shape and volumes of donor cells and of surrounding acceptor cells within selected regions of interest. The spatial distribution of the traceable marker in each volumetric picture element of the region of interest is determined and analyzed to determine quantitatively and qualitatively the substance transfer. The method allows a reliable quantitative evaluation of the effect of an active agent on cell-to-cell molecular communication and disease transmission.

The invention discloses a concentration-based adaptive decision threshold adjustment method in molecular communication, which is suitable for deciding receiving signals in diffusion channel-based molecular communication and aims at solving the problem of intersymbol interference in molecular communication. The current molecular concentration of received signals at each time is counted in real time, the average value is calculated, the value is then compared with an already-set decision threshold value, and if the difference is over large, the decision threshold value is dynamically adjusted, and thus, misjudgment can be avoided.

The present invention discloses a molecular communication coding method and apparatus, and a relay nano machine. The method includes the following steps: receiving quaternary encoded transmission information sent by a transmit end; and parsing the quaternary encoded transmission information according to a preset decoding rule to obtain decoding information; sending the decoding information to a receive end according to a preset transmission rule, so that the receive end decodes the decoding information according to the preset decoding rule. The method combines characteristics that intensity ofinter-symbol interference is affected by the number of transmitting molecules of a sender nano machine in a process of molecular communication, so that the inter-symbol interference and the number ofmolecules used in molecular communication are reduced, and detection difficulty is reduced.

A molecular communication system includes a molecular transmitter (20) configured to transmit an information molecules (15) onto which prescribed information is encoded; a molecular receiver (30) configured to receive the information molecule, a molecule propagation channel (40) extending from the molecular transmitter to the molecular receiver, and a molecular capsule (10) configured to encapsulate the information molecules to be transmitted from the molecular transmitter to the molecular receiver, wherein the surfaces of the molecular transmitter, the molecular receiver, and the molecular capsule have lipid bilayer membrane structure, and wherein the system further includes encapsulation means for applying a first chemical substance to the molecular transmitter, or to the molecular transmitter and the molecular capsule to encapsulate the information molecules into the molecular capsule, and decapsulation means for applying a second chemical substance to the molecular capsule and the molecular receiver to take the information molecules out of the molecular capsule and take them into the molecular receiver.

Provided are a method of modeling a channel and transmitting molecules for passive transport molecular communication, the method being performed by a first device, that is, a transmission device, and including a molecular transmission step of transmitting molecules which are an information carrier through the channel, an H-diffusion function information reception step of receiving information about an H-diffusion function which is a function associated with a diffusion of the channel, and a molecular transmission property control step of controlling a transmission property that the molecules are transmitted based on the received information about the H-diffusion function, a method of modeling a molecular channel using an H-diffusion function in relation to the diffusion of the channel, and a transmission control method thereof.

The invention discloses an energy efficiency optimization method for a two-hop mobile molecular communication system, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, building an energy model of the two-hop mobile molecular communication system, and obtaining a mathematical expression of the energy consumption of the two-hop mobile molecular communication system; 2, establishing a hypothesis detection channel model of the single-hop mobile molecular communication system, and obtaining a throughput mathematical expression of the single-hop mobile molecular communication system; and 3, obtaininga throughput mathematical expression of the two-hop mobile molecular communication system, and establishing and solving an energy efficiency optimization problem of the two-hop mobile molecular communication system. According to the method, the corresponding energy consumption model is established in the time-varying channel, the high-energy-efficiency data transmission scheme is designed throughparameter setting, low energy consumption and high average throughput performance are achieved, the optimal energy efficiency is finally achieved, and therefore the scheme of communication between mobile nano machines in a high-energy-efficiency mode is displayed.

The invention discloses a water pollution source rapid tracing method and system based on a molecular communication mechanism. The method comprises the following steps: randomly arranging four water quality sensor terminals in water; initializing diffusion coefficients of pollution source molecules corresponding to the related water quality indexes in water; acquiring readings of related water quality indexes of the sensor terminals, acquiring position coordinates of the sensor terminals by positioning modules arranged in the sensor terminals, and uploading the position coordinates to a computer through a wireless module; and after the computer receives the related water quality index readings and the position coordinate information of the water quality sensors, establishing and solving asimultaneous equation system about the pollution source coordinates, diffusion time and the number of molecules released by the pollution source based on a concentration diffusion formula so as to obtain the position coordinate information of the pollution source, the number of molecules released by the pollution source and the diffusion duration of the pollution source. Compared with the prior art, the method can quickly and accurately locate the position of the pollution source and obtain the related information of the pollution source, and is excellent in performance and easy to implement.

A channel capacity and bit error rate analysis method of a mobile multi-user molecular communication system based on drift diffusion comprises the following steps: step 1, obtaining the number of molecules received by a current time slot RN by utilizing normal distribution to approach binomial distribution, and obtaining mathematical expressions of ISI and MUI molecular numbers; 2, establishing ahypothesis detection channel model of the mobile molecular communication system based on drift diffusion; and 3, obtaining a mathematical expression of the optimal decision threshold eta by adopting aminimum error criterion, and obtaining a calculation method of the channel capacity and the bit error rate. The invention provides a guidance direction for the design of a drift diffusion-based mobile multi-user molecular communication system with higher mutual information and lower bit error rate.

A molecular communication system includes a molecular transmitter, a molecular receiver and a molecular transmission channel. The molecular transmitter transmits at least one molecule representing first data. The molecular receiver receives the at least one molecule, and obtains the first data based on the at least one molecule. The molecular transmission channel is connected between the molecular transmitter and the molecular receiver, and provides a transmission path for the at least one molecule. The at least one molecule moves in the molecular transmission channel based on an anomalous diffusion process. The anomalous diffusion process in the molecular transmission channel is modeled based on a fractional diffusion equation (FDE).

Embodiments of the present invention relate to searching a mobile communication system (e.g., a cellular telephone network) for use of a network address (e.g., an Internet address). Embodiments of the invention have many advantages, as police or cellular service providers may be able to track or trace illegal Internet usage to a particular cellular telephone. For example, if a terrorist is communicating to other terrorists over the Internet, using his / her cellular telephone, the police may be able to associate the illegal Internet usage with the mobile telephone. Accordingly, in this example, the police may be able to locate the terrorists and detain him / her before they can cause harm to innocent individuals. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate other advantages of being able to search a mobile communication system for use of a network address.

A method for determining a node decision threshold in a bidirectional molecular communication network based on network coding comprises the following steps: step 1, calculating the number of molecules received by a source node S1 and a source node S2 in a 2nth time slot based on a network coding strategy; step 2, respectively establishing a hypothesis test model and an optimal threshold detection rule at the relay node R and the source nodes S1 and S2 to obtain an average bit error rate of the nth bit transmitted by the bidirectional molecular communication network based on network coding; and step 3, minimizing the average bit error rate under the SNM and DNM conditions by using a PSO algorithm so as to determine the decision threshold of each node of the bidirectional molecular communication network under the SNM and DNM conditions. The invention mainly develops a node decision threshold method which can be used for determining a bidirectional molecular communication network with a low bit error rate.

The invention discloses a channel capacity and bit error rate analysis method for a single-hop mobile molecular communication model. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, obtaining the number of molecules received by a current time slot RN by utilizing Poisson distribution to approach binomial distribution; 2, establishing a hypothesis detection channel model of a single-hop moving molecular communication model; 3, obtaining a mathematical expression of the optimal decision threshold Xiopt by adopting a minimum error criterion; and step 4, on the basis of the optimal decision threshold Xiopt, obtaining the optimal channel capacity and bit error rate. Technical support is provided for designing a single-hop mobile molecular communication system with high channel capacity and low bit error rate.

A disclosed molecular communication system includes a molecular transmitter configured to transmit an information molecule in which prescribed information is encoded, a molecular receiver configured to receive the information molecule, and a molecular capsule configured to carry the information molecule from the molecular transmitter to the molecular receiver. Each of the molecular transmitter, the molecular receiver, and the molecular capsule has an artificial cell membrane in which at least one kind of molecular switch is embedded, the molecular switch being responsive to an external input signal so as to control association and separation between the molecular transmitter and the molecular capsule, and association and separation between the molecular capsule and the molecular receiver, upon application of the external input signal.

A disclosed molecular communication system includes a molecular transmitter configured to transmit an information molecule in which prescribed information is encoded, a molecular receiver configured to receive the information molecule, and a molecular capsule configured to carry the information molecule from the molecular transmitter to the molecular receiver. Each of the molecular transmitter, the molecular receiver, and the molecular capsule has an artificial cell membrane in which at least one kind of molecular switch is embedded, the molecular switch being responsive to an external input signal so as to control association and separation between the molecular transmitter and the molecular capsule, and association and separation between the molecular capsule and the molecular receiver, upon application of the external input signal.

The invention discloses a method for determining bit error rate and mutual information of multi-hop mobile molecular communication network, and the method comprises the following steps: step 1, establishing a multi-hop mobile molecular communication network model, and on this basis, obtaining a mathematical expression of the number of molecules received at a relay node and a destination node of a two-hop mobile molecular communication network under the DTM condition; step 2, establishing a hypothesis test model at a destination node, obtaining a detection threshold value at the destination node under the DTM condition by using a maximum posterior probability MAP detection method, and obtaining a bit error rate of the multi-hop mobile molecular communication network and a mathematical expression of mutual information; step 3, establishing a bit error rate and mutual information determination method of the two-hop mobile molecular communication network under the STM condition; and 4, establishing a bit error rate and mutual information determination method of the multi-hop mobile molecular communication network under the DTM and STM conditions. The invention provides a low bit error rate and high mutual information determination method for a multi-hop mobile molecular communication network.

The invention discloses a target orientation method in mobile molecule communication on the basis of concentration gradient. Under a mobile molecule communication scene, a target object continuously releases some baits, and a nanometer machine collects the concentration of the baits in a medium through a concentration sensor in real time and calculates the concentration difference; secondly, according to the concentration difference, the concentration gradient of the medium is judged, and then the nanometer machine moves to the place where the concentration is high and reaches a target area atlast. By introducing the chemotactic effect principle of bacteria in biology into mobile molecule communication, the delay problem caused by random dispersion in the molecule communication is solved,time for the nanometer machine to move to the target area is effectively shortened, and the communication efficiency is improved. The method is widely applicable to scenes with baits during mobile molecule communication based on a dispersion mode and can be widely applied to oriented drug delivery, targeted treatment and the like in medical treatment.

The invention discloses an end-to-end time synchronization method and system of molecular communication. The method comprises that S1) a nanometer machine sending end sends a time synchronization bitto a nanometer machine receiving end, a timer of the sending end is set as 0, and timing is started; S2) after that receiving the time synchronization bit, the receiving end sends a success receptionfeedback bit to the sending end, a timer of the receiving end is set as 0, timing is started, and the counter of the receiving end is added with 1, whether a counting value of the counter of the receiving end equals a preset value is determined, if YES, time synchronization is completed, and otherwise, a step S3) is implemented; and S3) the sending end receives the success reception feedback bit from the receiving end within first preset time, the counter of the sending end is added with 1, and whether a counting value of the counter of the sending end equals the preset value is determined, ifYES, time synchronization is completed, and otherwise, the step S1) is turned to. The time synchronization method is simpler and effective and has lower requirement for the equipment complexity.

A single link time delay determining method based on a binary molecular communication model comprises the following processes: in a binary molecular communication model, and representing bit 0 and 1 by using molecules with different types, wherein after a nanometer machine at the sending side releases a molecule, the molecule carious out Brownian movement in a medium, and as to a transmission between two nanometer machines in a single link, the reliability of the link is defined as a probability that the nanometer machine at a receiving side receives at least one molecule, and the time delay is defined as the time required averagely by the nanometer machine at the receiving side for receiving at least one molecule. The invention provides a single link time delay determining method based on the binary molecular communication model, which analyzes time delay effectively and has great practicability.

Enzymes accumulated in plant cell walls serve diverse physiological functions including metabolism, polysaccharide structure modification, and molecular communication in interactions with other organisms. Pectin methylesterases are economically important enzymes for their impact on quality and processing properties of fruit and vegetable food products. We have now purified TT-PME to homogeneity from sweet orange finisher pulp and determined the complete corresponding nucleic acid sequence. Purified TT-PME was observed by SDS-PAGE as two doublet bands with molecular masses of approximately 46,000 Da and 56,000 Da. Direct Edman sequencing from these proteins showed a common N-terminal peptide. De novo sequencing of eight TT-PME tryptic peptides determined by MALDI-TOF / TOF mass spectrometry provided additional internal sequences. TT-PME did not correspond to any previously reported Citrus spp. PME sequence. Our results show Citrus TT-PME is a distinctive new isoform with phylogenetic relationship closer to PME isoforms in other species rather than to previously described Citrus PME genes.

The invention provides a molecular communication method and a receiver for molecular communication. The method is executed at a receiving end. The method comprises the following steps: respectively detecting a first concentration of messenger molecules which are sent from a transmitting end through a biochemical environment and carry original bit information, a second concentration of reactant molecules existing in the biochemical environment, and a third concentration of product molecules generated by reaction of the messenger molecules and the reactant molecules in the biochemical environment in a bit time slot, obtaining a first concentration curve, a second concentration curve and a third concentration curve; respectively carrying out concavity and convexity measurement on the first concentration curve, the second concentration curve and the third concentration curve to obtain a first measurement index, a second measurement index and a third measurement index; respectively comparing the first measurement index, the second measurement index and the third measurement index with a preset adaptive threshold to obtain a first detection result, a second detection result and a third detection result of the original bit; and performing comprehensive judgment based on each detection result to obtain a recovery bit of the original bit.

A single link reliability determining method based on a binary molecular communication model comprises the following processes: analyzing reliability of multicast scenes in a successful link, in a binary molecular communication model, representing bit 0 and 1 by using molecules with different types, wherein after a nanometer machine at a sending side releases a molecule, the molecule carious out Brownian movement in a medium, and as to a transmission between the two nanometer machines in a single link, the reliability of the link is defined as a probability that the nanometer machine at a receiving side receives at least one molecule. The invention provides the single link reliability determining method based on a binary molecular communication model, which analyzes reliability effectively and has great practicability.