370 results about "Mitochondrial RNA" patented technology

The present invention provides methods for rapid forensic analysis of mitochondrial DNA by amplification of a segment of mitochondrial DNA containing restriction sites, digesting the mitochondrial DNA segments with restriction enzymes, determining the molecular masses of the restriction fragments and comparing the molecular masses with the molecular masses of theoretical restriction digests of known mitochondrial DNA sequences stored in a database.

The present invention provides methods for rapid forensic analysis of mitochondrial DNA by amplification of a segment of mitochondrial DNA containing restriction sites, digesting the mitochondrial DNA segments with restriction enzymes, determining the molecular masses of the restriction fragments and comparing the molecular masses with the molecular masses of theoretical restriction digests of known mitochondrial DNA sequences stored in a database.

The present invention provides methods for rapid forensic analysis of mitochondrial DNA and methods for characterizing heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA, which can be used to assess the progression of mitochondrial diseases.

The present invention relates to improved diagnostic methods for early detection of a risk for developing an arthritic disorder in humans, and screening assays for therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of arthritic disorders, by comparing the levels of one or more indicators of altered mitochondrial function. Indicators of altered mitochondrial function include enzymes such as mitochondrial enzymes and ATP biosynthesis factors. Other indicators of altered mitochondrial function include mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial number and mitochondrial DNA content, cellular responses to elevated intracellular calcium and to apoptogens, and free radical production. Methods of treating, and of stratifying, human patients as such methods relate to disclosed indicators of altered mitchondrial function are also provided.

The invention provides a method and a kit using a mito-CRISPR / Cas9 system for editing DNA of abnormal mitochondria. The kit comprises DNA fragments for human or fish mitochondria, targeting mitochondrion gRNA and a mito-CRISPR / Cas9 expression system. The mito-CRISPR / Cas9 system comprises mitochondrial localization signal mNLS and mCas 9 protein or mRNA and correlated expression vector of mCas 9. The mito-CRISPR / Cas9 system is used for targeting deletion of DNA of the abnormal mitochondria in human and fish cells, so that proportion of normal mitochondria is increased, normal mitochondria are dominant, and mitochondrial diseases are treated by correcting mutation sites.

This invention relates to a process of synthesis and composition of open chain (ring), closed ring, linear branched and or substituted polyamines, polyamine derived tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors and PPAR partial agonists / partial antagonists via a series of substitution reactions and optimizing the bioavailability and biological activities of the compounds. Polyamines prevent the toxicty of neutoxins and diabetogenic toxins including paraquat, methyphenyl pyridine radical, rotenone, diazoxide, streptozotocin and alloxan. These polyamines can be to treat neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine acquired and inherited mitochondrial DNA damage diseases and other disorders in mammalian subjects, and more specifically to the therapy of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease, Binswanger's disease, Olivopontine Cerebellar Degeneration, Lewy Body disease, Diabetes, Stroke, Atherosclerosis, Myocardial Ischemia, Cardiomyopathy, Nephropathy, Ischemia, Glaucoma, Presbycussis, Cancer, Osteoporosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and as Antidotes to Toxin Exposure.

Improved methods of genealogical research utilize databases with fields that more uniquely identify individuals and relationships for the purpose of tracing and identifying ancestors or living relations. In selected embodiments, the fields represent genetic markers on the mitochondrial DNA and biographic or historical data useful in tracing matriarchal heritage. In other embodiments, the fields represent ownership records or conveyances of property between related or unrelated individuals. In other aspects of the invention methods of searching account for the evolution of geographic and political divisions in searching genealogical database, as well as the alternative spelling of names and nickname.

The invention relates to a conjoint analysis method for estimating the DNA abundance of fishes based on an environment DNA technology. The conjoint analysis method includes the steps that the total DNA abundance of the fishes is acquired through timed and quantified PCR; the species composition proportion of the fishes is acquired through 454 GS-FLX Titanium sequencing analysis; conjoint analysis of target species is performed through sequencing data and timed and quantified PCR data; a relative distribution diagram of mitochondrial DNA of the fishes in an environment is drawn through sufer 8.0 software. Based on the environment DNA identification technology, weather species exist and how many species exist can be analyzed just by collecting water samples without depending on fish species capturing, a sampling method is simple, and fish resources can be protected to the maximum degree; meanwhile, for some species which are rarely distributed and difficult to capture, the method is still more effective than traditional fishing investigation, the method can effectively solve the problem that effective species specificity primers are difficult to obtain when multiple closely related species exist in samples, and NDA abundance information of all species can be known just by conducting experiment once respectively through the two technologies.

The invention relates generally to a pharmacological therapy for a human genetic diseases, specifically mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes, and more specifically, thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) deficiency. The pharmacological therapy involves the administration of at least one deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, or mixtures thereof. For the treatment of TK2 deficiency, the pharmacological therapy involves the administration of either deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) or deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), or mixtures thereof. This molecular bypass approach is applicable to other disorders of unbalanced nucleotide pools, especially those found in mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome.

The invention provides composition and methods for delivering a composition according to the invention comprising a wild-type (wt) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule to a mammalian cell. The wt-mtDNA molecule is a functional mtDNA molecule that includes the entire mitochondrial genome. The wt-mtDNA molecule in the composition of the invention has a mitochondrial leader sequence (MLS) peptide attached to facilitate the uptake of the mtDNA molecule into a mitochondrion of the mammalian cell. The delivery of the wt-mtDNA / MLS peptide complex is used as a general replenishment therapy for conditions attributed to mtDNA defects, independent of the specific defect in the mtDNA.

A novel family of human mitochondrial RNAs, referrred to as chimeric RNAs, which are differentially expressed in normal, pre-cancer and cancer cells, are described. Oligonucleotides targeted to the chimeric RNAs are provided. The described oligonucleotides or their analogs can be used for cancer diagnostics and cancer therapy as well as for research. In one embodiment of this invention, these oligonucleotides hybridize with the sense or with the antisense mitochondrial chimeric RNAs, and the result of the hybridization is useful to differentiate between normal proliferating cells, pre-cancer cells and cancer cells. In another embodiment of the invention, the compositions comprise oligonucleotides that hybridize with the human chimeric RNAs resulting in cancer cell and pre-cancer cell death, while there is no effect in normal cells, constituting therrefore, a novel approach for cancer therapy.

Compositions comprising a water soluble spinach extract, compositions comprising a water soluble spinach extract, a liposome, a cardiolipin, and at least one antioxidant, compositions comprising a water soluble spinach extract, an extract of Arabidopsis thaliana or of the mustard (Brassica) plant, a liposome, a cardiolipin, and at least one antioxidant, processes for obtaining such compositions, and methods of using such compositions to repair damage to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA, or both, prevent or decrease damage to such DNA from, for example, reactive oxygen species or 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and / or to repair or prevent mitochondrial damage and loss of membrane fluidity are disclosed. Compositions of the present invention may be topically administered, orally administered or parenterally, such as administration by injection. When topically administered, additives such as penetration enhancers, fragrances, preservatives, moisturizers and cosmetic adjuvants may be included in compositions of the present invention.

The invention discloses a Chinese population deaf gene screening kit and an application thereof. The kit comprises PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification primers and extension primers as well as a PCR reaction agent, wherein the PCR amplification primers and extension primers are designed by taking mutation of lotus 35, lotus 109, lotuses 176-199, lotus 235, lotuses 299-300 of a GJB2 gene, lotus 1174, lotus 1226, lotus 1229, lotus 1975, lotus 2027, lotus 2162, lotus 2168 and lotus IVS7-2 of an SLC26A4 gene, lotus 1494, lotus 1555, lotus 3243 and lotuses 7444 of a mitochondrial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) gene as a detection object; and sequences of the primers are as shown in SEQ ID No.1-SEQ ID No.33; and the PCR reaction reagent comprises polymerase and buffer liquor. The kit disclosed by the invention can be utilized to obtain genotypes of 17 lotuses by one step through simple operation, so that cost is low; and accuracy of detection flux and detection results is greatly improved in comparison with that in the prior art, and therefore, the kit has very good clinical and large-scale application value.

The invention belongs to the technical field of genomics and specifically relates to a method for precisely determining high-frequency and low-frequency mutations of mitochondrial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) by high-throughput sequencing. According to the method provided by the invention, the purpose of determining the high-frequency and low-frequency mutations in a mitochondrial genome is achieved by designing a set of mitochondrial DNA-specific primers, enriching the mitochondrial DNA from total DNA by rolling-circle replication, further enriching the mitochondrial DNA through a specific restriction endonuclease, then constructing a sequencing library, performing high-throughput sequencing and developing a specific data analysis process flow. Mutation sites of which the frequency is as low as 0.3% can be detected to the greatest extent.

The present invention relates to improved diagnostic methods for early detection of a risk for developing an arthritic disorder in humans, and screening assays for therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of arthritic disorders, by comparing the levels of one or more indicators of altered mitochondrial function. Indicators of altered mitochondrial function include enzymes such as mitochondrial enzymes and ATP biosynthesis factors. Other indicators of altered mitochondrial function include mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial number and mitochondrial DNA content, cellular responses to elevated intracellular calcium and to apoptogens, and free radical production. Methods of treating, and of stratifying, human patients as such methods relate to disclosed indicators of altered mitchondrial function are also provided.

The invention provides a probe set and kit for detecting human mitochondrial genes. The probe set covers sequences of human mitochondrial genome, and the sequences of the probe are SEQ ID No: 1-213. Genetic mutation information of mitochondrial DNA such as amplification, deficiency and mutation can be detected at a time in connection with gene capture sequencing technology being awarded with a patent application approval, multiple samples can be treated at same time, and the probe set and kit have the advantages of low time consumption, low cost and high specificity, and sequencing effect can be improved significantly. The invention also provides a kit for detecting human mitochondrial genome, the kit comprises capture probes and related reagents to detect mitochondrial genome; the use of the capture probe set and kit can provide basis for taking correct and reasonable interventions as soon as possible, and the development tendency of precision medical treatment is satisfied.

The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine identification, in particular to a turtle shell DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) detection kit and an identification method. The turtle shell DNA detection kit comprises a sample pretreatment liquid, a decalcification liquid, a mitochondrial DNA extraction system, a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) system and a result observation system. The turtle shell DNA identification method comprises the steps of pretreating a detection sample, extracting mitochondrial DNA, conducting PCR primer design and synthesis, establishing PCR, and judging a result. A judgment standard is that a turtle shell is authentic if 1000bp and 500bp bands appear simultaneously, and the turtle shell is fake if only one or no band appears. The established multi-PCR identification method has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, quickness, reliable detection result and the like, and can differentiate and identify specificities of the turtle shell and the fake turtle shell accurately and simultaneously.

The present invention provides novel mitochondrial fusion transcripts, the parent mutated mtDNA molecules, and the resulting translation products (proteins) for predicting, diagnosing and / or monitoring cancer. Hybridization probes complementary thereto for use in the methods of the invention are also provided.

The present invention relates to a method for detecting mitochondria alterations, which comprises the following steps: (A) providing a separation element and a sample; (B) mixing the separation element and the sample, wherein a detecting sample is obtained through the binding of a DNA fragment on the separation element to mitochondrial DNA in the sample; (C) dividing the detecting sample into a comparison group and a detection group; (D) adding an amplification solution into the comparison group and the detection group respectively to begin a DNA amplified reaction, and further adding a restriction enzyme into the detection group, wherein the amplification solution comprises a labeling reagent and a primer pair; and (E) detecting amounts of the labeling reagent in the comparison group and the detection group respectively after the DNA amplified reaction.

The invention provides a method for monitoring the quality of in situ hybridization analysis of a nuclear DNA target in a tissue or cell sample using a mitochondrial DNA probe as an internal control. The invention also provides a reagent for in situ hybridization detection of a nuclear DNA target and a mitochondrial DNA target in a tissue or cell sample.

A novel family of human mitochondrial RNAs, referred to as chimeric RNAs, which are differentially expressed in normal, pre-cancer and cancer cells, are described. Oligonucleotides targeted to the chimeric RNAs are provided. The described oligonucleotides or their analogs can be used for cancer diagnostics and cancer therapy as well as for research. In one embodiment of this invention, these oligonucleotides hybridize with the sense or with the antisense mitochondrial chimeric RNAs, and the result of the hybridization is useful to differentiate between normal proliferating cells, pre-cancer cells and cancer cells. In another embodiment of the invention, the compositions comprise oligonucleotides that hybridize with the human chimeric RNAs resulting in cancer cell and pre-cancer cell death, while there is no effect in normal cells, constituting therefore, a novel approach for cancer therapy.

The invention discloses a method for detecting mitochondrial genomes and a primer. A primer group for forensically medically identifying examined materials comprises four primer pairs. The four primer pairs respectively include a primer pair 1, a primer pair 2, a primer pair 3 and a primer pair 4, the primer pair 1 comprises an Mit1F primer and an Mit1R primer, the primer pair 2 comprises an Mit2F primer and an Mit2R primer, the primer pair 3 comprises an Mit3F primer and an Mit3R primer, and the primer pair 4 comprises an Mit4F primer and an Mit4R primer. The method and the primer have the advantages that full-length sequences of mitochondrial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of samples with few genomes can be detected by the aid of the method, and accordingly important detection technologies can be provided for detecting trace examined materials in forensic medicine.

The present invention provides an in vitro method for diagnosis or prediction of Parkinson's disease in a subject, the method comprising testing for a mutation of a mitochondrial DNA polymerase POLG1 gene of the subject and, where the mutation is detected, diagnosing or predicting Parkinson's disease in the subject. Further, the present invention provides a diagnostic kit for diagnosis or prediction of Parkinson's disease in a subject.

The invention provides a method for carrying out non-invasive measurement on mitochondrial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) based on high-flux gene sequencing. The method comprises the following steps: (1), extracting a total genomic DNA of an oral cell; (2), designing a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) primer and enriching and amplifying the mitochondrial DNA in vitro; and (3), detecting high-flux sequencing. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that experimental design is precise, experimental flow is simple, a detection result is accurate, and the method is rapid, high in automation degree, capable of meeting demands of scientific research and clinical detection from different degrees, and suitable for relevant mutation rapid detection specific to mitochondria of scientific research and clinical application.

The invention discloses a multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit for rapidly detecting a deer product, which is used for rapidly and accurately distinguishing the deer product. The invention also discloses the preparation method of the kit. A multiplex-PCR technology is adopted to amplify the specific molecular fragments of mitochondrial DNAs of sika deer, red deer, Tarim red deer, wapiti, reindeer, pig, cow, sheep and chicken, so that the kit is prepared and used for detecting a detected sample contains the components of the animal components and detecting a mixed sample; and the kit and the method have the characteristics that is operation is simple, sensitivity is high and speed is rapid.

The invention provides a kit for detecting mitochondrial DNA mutation related to a regulon of a Leber disease, wherein the kit consists of primer sequences, reagents for extracting genome DNA of samples, reagents for PCR amplification reaction, a positive control sample, a negative control sample and an instruction, restrictive endonucleases comprise a restrictive endonuclease Nla III, and the positive control sample is a restriction enzyme digested sample in which 4435th site of a mitochondrial sequence occur A to G mutation. The kit provided by the invention can be applied in the detection of mitochondrial DNA mt DNAA4435G mutation related to the regulon of the Leber disease. According to the kit, specificity and stability of detection results can be ensured, cost is lower than that of other detection methods, and the detection process is simple, quick, accurate and economic, and thus is suitable for detecting LHON-related gene mutation.

The invention relates to the use of active ingredients, which increase the concentration of pyrimidine-based elements for nucleic acid biosynthesis in the body, in particular to the use of pyrimidine nucleosides and / or prodrugs produced therefrom, for reducing the side-effects of inhibitors of nucleic acid biosynthesis or their precursors, in particular by activating the biosynthesis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The invention also relates to the use of said active ingredients, in particular pyrimidine nucleosides and / or prodrugs for producing pharmaceutical preparations for reducing the aforementioned side-effects and to combinations or products for administering active ingredients of this type, in particular pyrimidine nucleosides and / or prodrugs produced therefrom, comprising inhibitors of nucleic acid biosynthesis or their precursors. The invention further relates to methods for treating the side-effects of inhibitors of nucleic acid biosynthesis or their precursors using the aforementioned active ingredients, in particular pyrimidine nucleosides and / or prodrugs produced therefrom, or the aforementioned combinations or products and to corresponding pharmaceutical preparations. Side-effects of HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy) and side-effects of other anti-viral nucleoside analogous agents, which inhibit the mitochondrial γ-polymerases, can in particular be prophylactically and / or therapeutically treated in this manner.

Methods and compositions for identifying mutations and polymorphisms in mutant genes encoding gene product involved in insulin secretion, for example, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1∝, glucokinase, amylin and mitochondrial DNA are disclosed. Specifically, a microchip comprising a combination of at least two different mutant genes wherein each gene comprises at least one mutation indicative of a predisposition for type-2 diabetes in a member of a Chinese population is disclosed. A kit comprising the microchip, an isolated nucleic acid, primers and probes which are specifically used to screen or identify the mutations in genes of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1∝, glucokinase, amylin and mitochondrial DNA are also disclosed.

The invention discloses a primer system for identifying components derived from pigs, cattle and sheep in livestock and poultry meat, a PCR identification method and a kit. Design specific primers according to the differential sites of animal mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA genes, see sequence list SEQ ID NO.1, SEQ ID NO.2, SEQ ID NO.3, SEQ ID NO.4, SEQ ID NO.5, SEQ ID NO.6. The PCR identification method includes extracting the DNA of the sample to be tested and PCR amplification. A kit comprising SEQ ID NO.1‑6. The primers of the present invention only specifically amplify the target fragments of their respective species, and will not react with other species. The detection sensitivity is high, and the components derived from pigs, cattle, and sheep in livestock and poultry meat can be effectively identified. The method is rapid , sensitive and practical; if the primer system is combined with relevant reagents, it can be made into a kit, which provides the possibility for industrial production and application, and has a good application prospect.

The invention relates to a molecular marker for identifying gemale plant and male plant of gingo, more particularl, the invention relates to a method for identifying gender of gingo. Compared to the usage of random primer, the method has increased stability, and compared to the dominant marker, which can provide limit information, the method is improved. According to the mehtod, the gingo male plant specificity SCAR-GBM primer and the exsisted atp1 primer of the mitochondrial DNA which is developed in the field are used at the same time for performing multiple PCR, wherein, the SCAR-GBM primer is based on the sequence development of RAPD segment which can display the heredity of gingo male plant.