The invention belongs to the technical field of microscopic spectrum imaging, and relates to a spectroscopic pupil laser confocal Raman spectrum testing method and device, wherein a confocal microscopic technology and a Raman spectrum detecting technology are combined. A spectroscopic pupil confocal microscopic imaging system is constructed by using rayleigh scattering light discarded in confocal Raman spectrum detection, high-resolution imaging and detection of a three-dimensional geometric position of a sample are realized; and a spectrum detection system is controlled by using an extreme point of the spectroscopic pupil confocal microscopic imaging system to be capable of accurately capturing Raman spectrum information excited by a focusing point of an objective lens, and further spectroscopic pupil confocal Raman spectrum high-space-resolution imaging and detection of image and spectrum integration are realized. The spectroscopic pupil laser confocal Raman spectrum testing method and device provide a new technical approach for high-space-resolution detection of the three-dimensional geometrical position and spectrum in a microcell, can be widely applied to the fields such as physics, chemistry, biomedicine, material science, environmental sciences, petrochemical engineering, geology, medicines, foods, criminal investigation and jewelry verification, and are capable of carrying out nondestructive identification and deep spectrum analysis of a sample.