The invention discloses a similar image colorization algorithm based on classification learning. The similar image colorization algorithm comprises the following steps: sample images are collected, an image gradation co-occurrence matrix attribute is extracted, the sample images are classified into five categories through the AP algorithm, superpixels of a target image and superpixels of a reference image are calculated respectively, then, colors are transferred from the reference image to the target image, colors of the superpixels are corrected afterwards according to continuity of image space, and finally the algorithm is used for conducting color diffusion to complete colorization. According to the similar image colorization algorithm, the influence on an image by a global attribute of the image is considered, the image gradation co-occurrence matrix attribute is extracted to conduct classification learning on parameters of a superpixel matching function, as a result, different parametric functions can be provided for superpixel matching on images with different compositions, and the universality of the similar image colorization algorithm on the images is improved; besides, after the matching process, region growing algorithm partition can be conducted at a superpixel level, and color correction can be conducted in a region.