The invention relates to the technical field of warehouse management, and discloses a three-dimensional warehouse management system and method based on RFID, and the system comprises a management computer, a server, an AGV, an RFID electronic tag which can be pasted on a cargo, and an RFID reader-writer. The RFID reader-writer and the AGV are in communication connection with the management computer, the management computer is in communication connection with the server, and an alarm module is arranged in the management computer. According to the invention, the RFID electronic tag containing the cargo identifier is pasted on the surface of the cargo, and the RFID reader-writer is adopted to complete the input work of a large number of cargos, so that the warehouse-in and warehouse-out efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor cost is saved. Proper goods allocations are distributed to warehoused goods, so that the turnover rate of warehousing is greatly increased; and for intelligentalarming of abnormal conditions, occurred errors can be handled in time, so that the management cost of storage is reduced, and further improvement of storage management is facilitated.