The invention relates to a shallow water multi-wave model
directivity prediction method of a characteristic wave domain, belongs to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and solves the problem that a prediction result of an existing shallow water multiple-wave prediction method has artifact interference. The method comprises the following steps of decomposing seismic data in a characteristic wave domain to obtain characteristic wave data; extracting a characteristic
wave propagation direction prediction operator; performing characteristic wave domain
directivity prediction accordingto the extracted characteristic
wave propagation direction prediction operator. According to the method, characteristic wave
decomposition and synthesis are introduced, and the
direction information of the seismic data is utilized, so that false paths can be avoided during multi-wave prediction, the false
noise interference is reduced, and the prediction precision is improved; meanwhile, the predicted shallow water multi-wave forms and the amplitudes confirm to the actual conditions, so that the
signal-to-
noise ratio and the resolution ratio of the seismic data of the target area are effectively improved; and in addition, the method can be applied to the suppression of three-dimensional seismic data shallow water multi-wave, so that the
data processing effect of oil and gas exploration inthe
shallow water area is greatly improved.