The invention discloses a laser SLAM adaptive resolution raster map construction method, and the method comprises the following steps: initially customizing the sizes of high, medium and low resolutions, respectively setting the three resolutions as Rh, Rm and R1, and customizing parameters A, B and N; collecting laser radar point cloud information; detecting a straight line segment and an arc line segment in the point cloud information; counting the total number C1 of the detected straight line segments and arc line segments and the number C2 of point clouds which are not included in the straight line segments and arc line segments; automatically setting a map resolution R* according to the values of C1 and C2, and adjusting according to the point cloud distance information to obtain themap resolution R; and updating maps. According to the method, the precision of partial regions of the map can be higher, the occupied resources are few, and the method can be better used in a large-scale scene.