A multi-protocol adaptive data acquisition device for ship air flow field measurement, a data processing module, a data acquisition and transmission module, the data processing module includes a record generation unit, a record writing unit, a configuration management unit, a graphical display unit, Equipment status monitoring unit, COM422 processing unit, first Ethernet processing unit, second Ethernet processing unit, shared storage unit; data acquisition and transmission module includes power supply unit, network switching equipment, protocol adapter group, wherein the protocol adapter group includes COM422 protocol , Ethernet protocol. Through the cooperative work of the data processing module and the data acquisition and transmission module, the present invention solves the problems of protocol adaptation, time synchronization, high-frequency data storage and graphical display for simultaneous data acquisition by multiple sensors of various types, and simplifies the The measurement process of the ship's stern flow field measurement has the advantages of strong professionalism, accurate collection results, and efficient testing and testing.