The invention provides a probe combination for detecting circulating tumor DNA of human thyroid cancer and a capturing and sequencing system thereof. The probe combination comprises a thyroid cancer driving gene exon sequence and a hot spot mutation region sequence. The capturing and sequencing system comprises the probe combination, a hybridizing system, a sequencing device and a circulating freeDNA extracting kit, and performs detection according to the following steps: S1, extracting circulating free DNA from plasma; S2, repairing the tail end of the DNA fragment and adding a connector tothe tail end so as to construct a sequencing library; S3, performing PCR amplification and purification on the library before capturing; S4, hybridizing the amplified sample library with a probe; S5,removing an unbound sequence and eluting a captured sequence; S6, performing PCR amplification and purification again; and S7, performing high-throughput sequencing analysis. According to the capturing and sequencing system, the thyroid cancer can be diagnosed in an early state objectively, sensitively, specifically and stably, and a tumor load is monitored and evaluated so as to achieve timely and pertinent treatment.