The invention relates to a rail transit wireless MIMO communication transmission system of signal bi-directional feed-in leakage cable, and includes a first far-end radio frequency unit, a second far-end radio frequency unit, a first multi-port combiner, a second multi-port combiner, a radio frequency electro-optical converter, an optical fiber, a radio frequency photoelectric converter, a time delay compensation module, a third multi-port combiner, a fourth multi-port combiner, single bi-directional leakage cables, at least one first redundant backup far-end radio frequency unit, and at least one second redundant backup far-end radio frequency unit. The system is applied to rail transit communication to realize multithread signal transmission, can reduce half of the laying number of leakage cables, and has efficient MIMO performance, engineering cost is greatly reduced, and construction and maintenance are simplified. The rail transit wireless MIMO communication transmission system satisfies a requirement of uplink and downlink communication, is suitable for frequency division duplex and time division duplex communication, can be used for MIMO signal coverage of a rail transit communication system, and supports a situation of multi-frequency redundancy networking.