30results about How to "Reduce material strength requirements" patented technology

The invention relates to a superposition arm three-roller large-mining-height coal mining machine. The machine mainly comprises a rectangular machine body assembly, a rocker arm device, coal cutting rollers, a traction part, an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system, a rotary part, a development machine type cutting part, a top coal cutting roller and the like, wherein the rotary part is arranged on the top of the machine body assembly; the development machine type cutting part is arranged on the rotary part; the top coal cutting roller is connected to the tail end of the development machine type cutting part in a rotating mode; left and right coal cutting rollers are used for cutting coal bodies below the rotary part together under the driving action of the rocker arm device; the top coal cutting roller is used for cutting partial coal bodies above the rotary part in a lifting and lowering mode through the development machine type cutting part by controlling the extension and the retraction of an up-regulated oil cylinder; and the motion track of the top coal cutting roller is a camber line. Three coal cutting rollers are used for cutting coal layers with the same thickness and have small diameters, so that the machine has a simple manufacturing process and low production cost, and the adaptability of the machine to the variation of the coal layers is improved.

An immersion acoustic cavitation sewage heat exchanger, belongs to the technical field of heat exchanger decontamination and reinforced heat exchange, characterized that the sewage heat exchanger comprises a ultrasonic generating device composed of a ultrasonic transducer (1) and a ultrasonic oscillating plate (2), a housing (6) of the heat exchanger, a knockout channel (10), a heat exchange tube bundle (11) and end sockets (5, 7) of the heat exchanger; the ultrasonic transducer (1) is immersed in sewage with surface emitting as ultrasonic mode; sewage flows outside the tube while heat exchange medium flows inside; the effect and advantage thereof is that the ultrasonic acoustic cavitation device is capable of decontaminating and cleaning outside surface of the heat exchange tube regularly or at any time, and strengthening sewage turbulence outside the heat exchange tube under the effect of ultrasonic wave, so as to enhance heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. The invention has simple structure which is convenient to maintain and examine, so that the invention can be widely applied in relevant field such as heat supply, air conditioner, refrigerating and chemical engineering.

The integrated vertical shaft windmill includes wind direction indicator vane and at least one layer of frame supporting column which can be up-down plug-connected, and can be reinforced by means of steel rope, in the interior of the frame supporting column the fan blade frame is mounted, the driving shaft is vertically placed in the centre of the frame supporting column and fan blade frame, fixedly connected with the fan blade frame and is movably fit with the frame supporting column. It is characterized by that the wind direction indicator vane is successively connected with wind direction indication sensor and hydraulic propeller in the fan blade frame, its driving device is connected with at least a pair of small fan blade central shafts of vertical shaft, said upper and lower central shafts of the small fan blade are movably fit with fan blade frame.

The invention provides a post-typed inclined rotary oar blade wind turbine which comprises an upright post, a wind turbine cabin, oar blades and a wind direction after cabin. The wind turbine is characterized in that: more than 3 ground piles are equidistantly and evenly arranged on ground by taking the root part of the upright post as center, diagonal tightwires are arranged between the ground piles and the top of the upright post, the wind turbine cabin is installed at the top of the upright post in an inclined way, the oar blades are arranged at an end of the wind turbine cabin behind the upright post and the end tilts upwards, the oar blades rotate around an inclined shaft of the wind turbine, and the rear end of the wind turbine cabin behind the oar blades is provided with the wind direction after cabin. The wind turbine has the advantages that: the upright post is fixed by the diagonal tightwires, greatly reducing production cost and having strong wind resistance; the oar blades are arranged behind the upright post, thus facilitating wind wheels to aim at wind direction automatically and promoting stability; the oar blades are installed in the inclined way along with the wind turbine cabin, thus resulting in that the wingtips are far away from the upright post and reduce interference from flocculating flows; if the wind turbine is installed on the top of a slope or a hill, a good windward angle can be obtained as the inclined angle of the wind turbine can vertically intersected with an updraft, thus being more favorable for promoting efficiency of wind power.

The invention relates to a vibrating medicine storage unit for a dry powder inhalation dosing device and belongs to the field of inhalation type dosing instruments. A turning cover, a spring, a vibration gear, a turntable and an external medicine drum arranged on a flow channel lower component form the vibrating medicine storage unit for the dry powder inhalation dosing device. While impact vibration is performed on a medicine powder storage container of the medicine storage unit, a second vibrating component, namely an internal medicine drum, which can synchronously freely vibrate, is also arranged in the medicine powder storage container, so as to perform compound vibration on medicine powder in the medicine powder storage container, so that the metering accuracy of the medicine powder dose provided by the medicine storage unit in the process of medicine dosing by the whole dry powder inhalation dosing device each time is guaranteed better, the mechanical structure design change workload needed for the variation of varieties of filling medicine powder can also be reduced, and the good adaptability of the dry powder inhalation dosing device for the powder medicine varieties in a large range is improved. The vibrating medicine storage unit can be widely suitable for the fields of design and manufacture of dry powder inhalation dosing devices of various specifications.

The invention discloses a deep sea high pressure environment simulation device capable of reducing requirement for wall thickness and material strength. The deep sea high pressure environment simulation device consists of an outer cylinder, an external shearing resistance block, an outer sealing ring, an outer flat cover, an inner cylinder, an inner shearing resistance block, an inner sealing ring and an inner flat cover. The deep sea high pressure environment simulation device has an inner high pressure cavity and an outer high pressure cavity; the inner high pressure cavity is a working pressure cavity; when the outer high pressure cavity and the inner high pressure cavity are filled with high pressure oil; the cylinder wall of the inner cylinder is under the affect of the pressure difference of two cavities; compared with the traditional device, the one-way impact sustained by the wall of the inner cylinder is greatly reduced; in the meantime, when the wall of the inner cylinder are under the affect of the high pressure oil on two sides, a certain extrusion deformation is produced so as to improve the strength of the cylinder wall. The invention reduces the requirement for the thickness of the wall of the inner cylinder and the material strength.

The invention relates to a small roller combined type coal mining machine with a large mining height. The small roller combined type coal mining machine comprises a machine body overall structure, a walking mechanism, combined height adjustment devices and coal cutting rollers, wherein the walking mechanism is arranged on the lower side of the machine body overall structure; the combined height adjustment devices are symmetrically mounted on two side surfaces of the machine body overall structure; each combined height adjustment device comprises an upper height adjustment rocker, an upper height adjustment oil cylinder, a lower height adjustment rocker and a lower height adjustment oil cylinder; the upper height adjustment rocker of each combined height adjustment device is hinged to the upper side surface of the corresponding lower height adjustment rocker through a pin shaft; each lower height adjustment rocker is hinged to a hinge ear on the corresponding side surface of the machine body through a pin shaft; the tail end of each upper height adjustment rocker and the tail end of the corresponding lower height adjustment rocker are rotationally connected with the corresponding coal cutting rollers respectively. According to the small roller combined type coal mining machine with the large mining height, swinging cutting is realized through combination of the combined height adjustment rocker devices and the small-diameter rollers, the height adjustment range of the rollers is increased, and the coal mining machine has a large mining height and is suitable for mining thick coal seams and ultra-thick coal seams.

The invention relates to a pressure balance type ultra-small catalytic reaction efficiency comparison evaluating device which comprises a gas inlet unit, a reaction chamber and a detector, wherein the reaction chamber comprises a housing, a gas inlet coil pipe, a gas inlet coil pipe heating and temperature controlling assembly, at least one catalyst reaction pipe and a catalyst reaction pipe heating and temperature controlling assembly, wherein the inlet end of the gas inlet coil pipe is communicated with the gas inlet unit, the outlet end of the gas inlet coil pipe is opened; the gas inlet coil pipe heating and temperature controlling assembly heats the gas inlet coil pipe and controls the temperature of the gas inlet coil pipe; the catalyst reaction pipe is filled with a catalyst, the inlet end of the catalyst reaction pipe is opened, the outlet end of the catalyst reaction pipe is communicated with the detector; and the catalyst reaction pipe heating and temperature controlling assembly heats the catalyst reaction pipe and controls the temperature of the catalyst reaction pipe. Compared with the prior art, the pressure balance type ultra-small catalytic reaction efficiency comparison evaluating device has the advantage that the problems that additional catalysis actions of a common reaction pipeline in an existing high-temperature and high-pressure catalytic reaction device are interfered, and the evaluation performances of catalysts with different components cannot be accurately controlled under the condition of multiple consistent experiment parameters are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of drill bit buried hole drilling, and discloses a buried hole drill bit. The buried hole drill bit comprises a center rod and a drill bit body, the center rod and the drill bit body are coaxial, the center rod is clamped in the middle of the drill bit body and plays a role in positioning and guiding, a cutter is arranged at the end of the drill bit body, and the inner diameter of the cutter is matched with that of the drill bit body. A centrifugal weight is arranged behind the cutter, the centrifugal weight and the drill bit body are integrally formed, the buried hole drill bit penetrates into an original drilled hole, the buried hole drill bit rotates at a high speed during working, the center rod prevents a drilling angle from deflecting, and the centrifugal weight generates centrifugal force to enable the drill bit body and the center rod to be separated. The cutter is used for expanding and drilling an original hole diameter, the cutter is only used for expanding and drilling, and the requirement for the strength of the cutter is not high. According to the buried hole drill bit, the structure is simple, the working efficiency is high, the cost is low, a drilled hole can be used for machining a buried hole in a drilled through hole or blind hole, and the buried hole drill bit has the advantages that the hole burying cost is reduced, and the drill bit is richer in function.

The invention discloses a magnetic hernia patch. A magnet is arranged on a patch body and is a round sheet, and a magnetic hole allowing the magnet to penetrate is formed in the center of the magnet.The invention further discloses a magnetic scalpel matched with the magnetic hernia patch for use. The magnetic hernia patch is taken into consideration together with the magnetic scalpel when designed, thereby being convenient to place and take.

The invention provides an expanded hood type saw blade sintering furnace comprising a base, a liner, a hood, a cover, a support and two guide posts. The base is disposed right in the center of the support. The guide posts are disposed on two sides of the support and are not equal in height. The short guide post has height, 40% of furnace height. The long guide post has height, 50% of the furnace height. Therefore, sleeves at two ends of the hood are allowed to sleeve the guide posts different in height conveniently during positioning; no high positioning standard is required for low- and medium-end products, and the products just need to be qualified. The expanded hood type saw blade sintering furnace has the advantages that the guide posts have smaller height, the requirement for material strength of the guide posts is low, positioning is efficient, and qualified products can be produced.

The invention discloses a method for improving the dosage measurement accuracy of a powder inhalation administration device and belongs to the field of inhalation type administration instruments. A lower flow channel component is subjected to overall knock type vibration through a rotary table by using a vibration gear; meanwhile, a second vibration part namely an inner drug cylinder capable of being synchronously and freely vibrated is also arranged in a drug powder storage container, drug powder in the drug powder storage container is compositely vibrated, and a dual vibration effect is generated by using the structures of master and slave vibration parts, so that the drug powder in the drug powder storage container can more uniformly flow into a quantitative drug tank, the dosage measurement accuracy of a single dosage of drug powder provided by the drug powder storage container of the powder inhalation administration device in each administration process can be better ensured, and the good adaptability of the powder inhalation administration device to the types of drug powder in a larger range is improved. The method for improving the dosage measurement accuracy of the powder inhalation administration device can be widely applied to the fields of designing and manufacturing of the powder inhalation administration devices of various specifications.

The invention relates to a method for controlling accuracy of a medicine supply quantity of a powder aerosol supply device, and belongs to the field of a medicine supply machine. On one hand, a vibration gear is arranged below a medicine powder outlet of a medicine powder storage container to perform integral striking-type vibration to a runner lower component by virtue of a rotating plate, so that the measuring accuracy of a medicine powder dosage supplied by a medicine storage unit in the medicine supply process at every time of the entire powder aerosol supply device can be better guaranteed; on the other hand, a counter-rotation prevention structure is used for preventing the failure in medicine supply, when in operation, the powder aerosol supply device can correctly supply the medicine after rotating for a given angle, so that the situation of failure in medicine supply can be prevented, the rotating angle of a rotating wheel is enabled to be correct at every time when in use, more convenience in operation can be realized, the situation of failure in medicine supply can be prevented, and accuracy in measuring the medicine supply dosage of the powder aerosol supply device at every time can be guaranteed. The method can be widely suitable for the design and manufacture field of the powder aerosol supply device of various specifications.

The invention discloses a turbojet engine. The turbojet engine comprise a housing, an air inlet, a combustion chamber, an air compressing component, a turbine and a tailpipe, wherein the air inlet, the combustion chamber and the air compressing component are disposed inside the casing; the rotatable turbine is installed behind the combustion chamber; the tailpipe is used for jetting high-speed air; and the air compressing component comprises at least two air compressing devices. Through a turbine shaft, the turbine is connected with a transmission and speed device which is used for driving at least two air compressing devices to rotate; the air compressing devices have different distances from the combustion chamber; and optional two air compressing devices have axes which are mutually staggered. Compared the turbine to each air compressing device, according to the distance sequence from far to near of the air compressing device and the combustion chamber, the drive ratio between the turbine and each air compressing device decreases, and each drive ratio is less than 1. Through the reasonable arrangement of the air compressing devices and according to the speed thereof, airflow backflow is reduced by means of acceleration step by step, and thus, the rate of surging occurrence is reduced.

The invention discloses a hernia repairing piece which comprises a repairing piece body, wherein a magnet is arranged on the repairing piece body; a magnet containing ring is arranged on the repairingpiece body; the magnet is arranged inside the magnet containing ring. According to the hernia repairing piece disclosed by the invention, magnetic force is introduced as a mode of resisting pressureof organs, on one hand, the passive situation that the whole repairing piece is stressed is changed, the repairing force has large counteraction force at a weakest part, the suture requirement in a surgical operation is smartly reduced, and the requirement on the material of the repairing piece is also reduced; on the other hand, the pressure of the organs to a abdominal wall is reduced, the recovery of the abdominal wall can be helped, and fiber connective tissue cells can be infiltrated and adhered to the repairing piece to grow.

The invention discloses a three way electromagnetic valve. The three way electromagnetic valve comprises a valve seat and a drive component which outputs axial displacement driving force, wherein the valve seat is provided with an internal valve cavity, and an inlet and two outlets, which are communicated with the internal valve cavity, a valve core component connected with an output piece of the drive component is arranged in the internal valve cavity, and the valve core component can be switched between two work positions under drive of the output piece, and is configured so as to form the work modes that the valve core component blocks a first outlet and the inlet is communicated with a second outlet when the valve core component is located on a first work position, and the valve core component blocks a second outlet and the inlet is communicated with a first outlet when the valve core component is located on a second work position. According to the three way electromagnetic valve, the inlet and the two outlets of refrigerant are all communicated with the same internal valve cavity, and accordingly the problems caused by forming a middle runner between two existing valve cavities are completely avoided, and processing manufacturability of the valve seat is greatly improved. Furthermore, the three way electromagnetic valve is simple in structural arrangement and can effectively control product manufacture cost.

The invention relates to a vibrating medicine storage unit for a dry powder inhalation dosing device and belongs to the field of inhalation type dosing instruments. A turning cover, a spring, a vibration gear, a turntable and an external medicine drum arranged on a flow channel lower component form the vibrating medicine storage unit for the dry powder inhalation dosing device. While impact vibration is performed on a medicine powder storage container of the medicine storage unit, a second vibrating component, namely an internal medicine drum, which can synchronously freely vibrate, is also arranged in the medicine powder storage container, so as to perform compound vibration on medicine powder in the medicine powder storage container, so that the metering accuracy of the medicine powder dose provided by the medicine storage unit in the process of medicine dosing by the whole dry powder inhalation dosing device each time is guaranteed better, the mechanical structure design change workload needed for the variation of varieties of filling medicine powder can also be reduced, and the good adaptability of the dry powder inhalation dosing device for the powder medicine varieties in a large range is improved. The vibrating medicine storage unit can be widely suitable for the fields of design and manufacture of dry powder inhalation dosing devices of various specifications.

The invention relates to a lightweight human body power assisting device. The lightweight human body power assisting device comprises a first supporting mechanism arranged on one side of the ankle joint of a human body, a second supporting mechanism arranged on the other side of the ankle joint and a driving actuator which is arranged at the ankle joint of the human body and matched with the biological characteristics of the ankle joint of the human body; the driving actuator is fixed at the ankle of the human body; the first supporting mechanism is arranged at the shank of the human body, and the second supporting mechanism is arranged at the sole of the human body; and the driving actuator can drive the second supporting mechanism to drive the sole to rotate around the ankle, so that the sole swings relative to the shank. The driving actuator is arranged at the ankle joint, and force is applied to the ankle joint and transmitted to the two sides of the ankle joint through the first supporting mechanism and the second supporting mechanism, so that the relative swing of the limb on one side of the ankle joint relative to the limb on the other side of the ankle joint is realized, the device takes the ankle joint of the organism as a rotating point, auxiliary force application is realized, and compared with an existing mechanical exoskeleton, the device is more matched with the use and operation of a human body.

The invention discloses a double-layer hernia repairing piece which consists of an inner-layer repairing piece and an outer-layer repairing piece, wherein magnets are arranged on the outer-layer repairing piece; the number of the magnets is more than one; the magnets are of different sizes and are arranged in different ways to meet different requirements. According to the double-layer hernia repairing piece disclosed by the invention, the inner-layer repairing piece has pull force, the outer-layer repairing piece has magnetic force, pressure of an organ is resisted by coactions of the two components, on one hand, as the outer-layer repairing piece has the magnetic force, the repairing piece has large counteraction force at a weakest part, then suture requirements in operation are smartly reduced, and the requirement on the strength of a repairing piece material is reduced.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of medical equipment, and provides a power-assisted getting-up device which comprises a rack; a driving mechanism which comprises two parts of driving components, wherein each driving assembly comprises a hand-cranking piece, a transmission assembly, a gear and an arc-shaped rack arranged on the machine frame; a shoulder supporting mechanism, which is arranged on the driving mechanism and used for supporting the shoulders of the user; when a user shakes the hand-cranking piece, the hand-cranking piece drives the gear to move on the arc-shaped rack through the transmission assembly, so that the shoulder supporting mechanism supports the shoulders of the user to do arc-shaped movement, and getting-up operation is achieved. The power-assisted getting-up device is formed by assembling the rack, the driving mechanism and the shoulder supporting mechanism, wherein the driving assembly comprises the hand-cranking piece, the transmission assembly, the gear and the arc-shaped rack arranged on the rack; the structure is simple, the device self-weight is small, and an external power source is not needed; the getting-up speed can be adjusted according to the frequency of manually shaking the hand-cranking piece, so that the getting-up speed adapts to the physical condition of a user.

The integrated vertical shaft windmill includes wind direction indicator vane and at least one layer of frame supporting column which can be up-down plug-connected, and can be reinforced by means of steel rope, in the interior of the frame supporting column the fan blade frame is mounted, the driving shaft is vertically placed in the centre of the frame supporting column and fan blade frame, fixedly connected with the fan blade frame and is movably fit with the frame supporting column. It is characterized by that the wind direction indicator vane is successively connected with wind direction indication sensor and hydraulic propeller in the fan blade frame, its driving device is connected with at least a pair of small fan blade central shafts of vertical shaft, said upper and lower central shafts of the small fan blade are movably fit with fan blade frame.

The invention relates to a fireproof cabinet and a fireproof method thereof. The fireproof cabinet is provided for storing a protection object, and comprises a main frame, a movable frame, a fireproof chamber and a fireproof liquid, wherein the movable frame is slidably connected with the main frame, the movable frame slides between a first position and a second position relative to the main frame, a protection object is placed in the movable frame, the movable frame and the protection object are positioned on the first position under an operation mode, the movable frame and the protection object slide to the second position from the first position under a fireproof mode so as to accommodate the movable frame and the protection object into the fireproof chamber, the fireproof liquid is positioned in the fireproof chamber, and the protection object is immersed into the fireproof liquid when the movable frame and the protection object are positioned on the second position. According to the present invention, the effective fireproof function can be provided.

The invention relates to a pressure balance type ultra-small catalytic reaction efficiency comparison evaluating device which comprises a gas inlet unit, a reaction chamber and a detector, wherein the reaction chamber comprises a housing, a gas inlet coil pipe, a gas inlet coil pipe heating and temperature controlling assembly, at least one catalyst reaction pipe and a catalyst reaction pipe heating and temperature controlling assembly, wherein the inlet end of the gas inlet coil pipe is communicated with the gas inlet unit, the outlet end of the gas inlet coil pipe is opened; the gas inlet coil pipe heating and temperature controlling assembly heats the gas inlet coil pipe and controls the temperature of the gas inlet coil pipe; the catalyst reaction pipe is filled with a catalyst, the inlet end of the catalyst reaction pipe is opened, the outlet end of the catalyst reaction pipe is communicated with the detector; and the catalyst reaction pipe heating and temperature controlling assembly heats the catalyst reaction pipe and controls the temperature of the catalyst reaction pipe. Compared with the prior art, the pressure balance type ultra-small catalytic reaction efficiency comparison evaluating device has the advantage that the problems that additional catalysis actions of a common reaction pipeline in an existing high-temperature and high-pressure catalytic reaction device are interfered, and the evaluation performances of catalysts with different components cannot be accurately controlled under the condition of multiple consistent experiment parameters are solved.

The invention discloses a hernia repairing piece which comprises a repairing piece body, wherein a magnet is arranged on the repairing piece body; a magnet containing ring is arranged on the repairingpiece body; the magnet is arranged inside the magnet containing ring. According to the hernia repairing piece disclosed by the invention, magnetic force is introduced as a mode of resisting pressureof organs, on one hand, the passive situation that the whole repairing piece is stressed is changed, the repairing force has large counteraction force at a weakest part, the suture requirement in a surgical operation is smartly reduced, and the requirement on the material of the repairing piece is also reduced; on the other hand, the pressure of the organs to a abdominal wall is reduced, the recovery of the abdominal wall can be helped, and fiber connective tissue cells can be infiltrated and adhered to the repairing piece to grow.

The invention discloses a wind-resistant fabricated bridge which comprises supporting plates and is characterized in that a splicing frame is installed between the supporting plates and fixedly connected with the supporting plates through bolts, outer protruding blocks are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the supporting plates, and a protective outer frame is installed at the tops of the supporting plates; a storage frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner side of the protective outer frame, a lifting plate is slidably connected between the two sides of the inner wall of the storage frame, a pushing-lifting groove is formed in one side of the lifting plate, and a pushing-lifting plate is rotatably connected to one side of the inner wall of the pushing-lifting groove. The invention relates to the technical field of fabricated bridges. According to the wind-resistant fabricated bridge, the purpose of enhancing the wind-resistant capacity of the bridge is achieved, the wind-resistant capacity of the bridge is improved in multiple modes, the requirement for the material strength of the bridge is lowered, the bridge construction cost is reduced, the warning capacity of the bridge is enhanced, and people above the bridge can be warned in strong wind weather.

The invention discloses a drilling simulation device for bolt drawing test, which comprises a butt joint-type steel pipe formed by mutual butt joint of two semicircular pipe walls axially. The inner wall of the butt joint-type steel pipe is provided with a notch groove for increasing a friction coefficient; the outer wall of the butt joint-type steel pipe is sleeved with two semicircular buffer steel gaskets in mutual butt joint; the outer wall of the buffer steel gasket is provided with positioning grooves; and each positioning groove is provided with a steel hoop fastened by a bolt. The drilling simulation device can actually simulate the actual use condition of the bolt, and the bolt drawing test result accuracy is improved; the simulation device can be removed after the test is completed, the stressed deformation condition of an anchorage agent in the drilling hole or the bolt can be observed and simulated, and the bolt can be analyzed and improved; and the whole device is high instrength, assembly and disassembly are convenient, and repeated use is facilitated.

The invention discloses a method for improving the dosage measurement accuracy of a powder inhalation administration device and belongs to the field of inhalation type administration instruments. A lower flow channel component is subjected to overall knock type vibration through a rotary table by using a vibration gear; meanwhile, a second vibration part namely an inner drug cylinder capable of being synchronously and freely vibrated is also arranged in a drug powder storage container, drug powder in the drug powder storage container is compositely vibrated, and a dual vibration effect is generated by using the structures of master and slave vibration parts, so that the drug powder in the drug powder storage container can more uniformly flow into a quantitative drug tank, the dosage measurement accuracy of a single dosage of drug powder provided by the drug powder storage container of the powder inhalation administration device in each administration process can be better ensured, and the good adaptability of the powder inhalation administration device to the types of drug powder in a larger range is improved. The method for improving the dosage measurement accuracy of the powder inhalation administration device can be widely applied to the fields of designing and manufacturing of the powder inhalation administration devices of various specifications.