94results about How to "Reduce image defects" patented technology

A microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes a projection lens that is configured for immersion operation. For this purpose an immersion liquid is introduced into an immersion space that is located between a last lens of the projection lens on the image side and a photosensitive layer to be exposed. To reduce fluctuations of refractive index resulting from temperature gradients occurring within the immersion liquid, the projection exposure apparatus includes heat transfer elements that heat or cool partial volumes of the immersion liquid so as to achieve an at least substantially homogenous or at least substantially rotationally symmetric temperature distribution within the immersion liquid.

A scanning projection apparatus for displaying image comprises a light source for generating a light beam, a beam scanner which deflects the light beam to project a two dimensional image field, a modulation means for modulating the intensity of the light beam, and a sensor to detect the scanned light beam. The light source may consist of a plurality of semiconductor lasers and / or solid state lasers to generate light beams with wavelengths of red, green and blue colors aligned into a single light path. The image field is divided into an active image field for displaying image and a dark field in the perimeter of the image field wherein the light beam is switched off to reduce inherent image defects. The sensor is positioned outside the active image field to detect a scan line once per image frame to eliminate image distortion due to phase difference between the actual and the predicted positions of the scanned beam, and to detect both the horizontal and the vertical scanning operations of the beam scanner for safety precaution.

The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member which can output images with reduced image defects due to ghosting not only under a normal temperature and normal humidity environment but also even under a low temperature and low humidity environment as especially severe conditions, and a manufacturing method thereof; and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Accordingly, the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention having a support and a photosensitive layer on the support includes the photosensitive layer which contains a solid solution of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine and a compound represented by the following Formula (1) or Formula (1)′, the solid solution having peaks at Bragg angles 2θ of 7.4°±0.3° and 28.3°±0.3° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction.

A microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes a projection lens that is configured for immersion operation. For this purpose an immersion liquid is introduced into an immersion space that is located between a last lens of the projection lens on the image side and a photosensitive layer to be exposed. To reduce fluctuations of refractive index resulting from temperature gradients occurring within the immersion liquid, the projection exposure apparatus includes heat transfer elements that heat or cool partial volumes of the immersion liquid so as to achieve an at least substantially homogenous or at least substantially rotationally symmetric temperature distribution within the immersion liquid.

A microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes a projection lens that is configured for immersion operation. For this purpose an immersion liquid is introduced into an immersion space that is located between a last lens of the projection lens on the image side and a photosensitive layer to be exposed. To reduce fluctuations of refractive index resulting from temperature gradients occurring within the immersion liquid, the projection exposure apparatus includes heat transfer elements that heat or cool partial volumes of the immersion liquid so as to achieve an at least substantially homogenous or at least substantially rotationally symmetric temperature distribution within the immersion liquid.

The present invention provides: an electrophotographic photosensitive member which reduces image defects due to ghosting not only under a normal temperature and normal humidity environment but also even under a low temperature and low humidity environment; and a novel phthalocyanine crystal. The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention comprises a photosensitive layer which comprises a phthalocyanine crystal in which a N,N-dimethylformamide is contained. The content of the N,N-dimethylformamide is 0.1% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less based on the phthalocyanine crystal.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member production process is provided having the steps of placing a cylindrical substrate having a conductive surface in a first film-forming chamber, and decomposing a source gas with high-frequency power to deposit on the cylindrical substrate a first layer formed of a non-single-crystal material, taking out of the first film-forming chamber the cylindrical substrate with the first layer deposited thereon, and placing the cylindrical substrate with the first layer deposited thereon in a second film-forming chamber, and decomposing a source gas with a high-frequency power to deposit on the first layer a second layer having an upper-part blocking layer formed of a non-single-crystal material. Even where abnormal growth portions called spherical protuberances are present on the photosensitive member surface, they can be made not to appear on images, and image defects can vastly be remedied.

A device and a method for aligning containers including an evaluation unit, which is capable of determining the position and / or the rotary position of at least one feature of the surface of containers to be aligned, by calculating image data of said feature in at least two views that differ with respect to the imaged rotary position of the containers, and where picture distortions and contrast limitations caused by the perspective can be compensated. The reliability of rotary position recognition and correction can thus be improved when aligning the containers.

The photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains (a) a gallium phthalocyanine crystal, (b) a specific amine compound and (c) a specific polyvinylacetal resin.

A digital camera system has integrated accelerometers for determining static and dynamic accelerations of the digital cameral system. Data relating to static and dynamic accelerations are stored with recorded image data for further processing, such as for correcting image data for roll, pitch and vibrations and for displaying recorded images with a predetermined orientation using information about, e.g., roll. Data may also be used on-the-fly for smear suppression caused by vibrations.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus wherein a streak-like image defect otherwise occurring in output in a low printing mode performed under a H / H environment can be reduced are provided. A surface of the photosensitive member has a convex and concave portions continuously in a peripheral direction of the photosensitive member, and alternately in an axial direction of the photosensitive member, a width w of the concave portion is 30 to 100 μm, a depth d of the concave portion is 1 to 5 μm, the convex portion has a rising slope and a descending slope in the peripheral direction of the photosensitive member, and a distance from a starting point of the rising slope to an end point of the descending slope and a distance from a starting point of the descending slope to an end point of the rising slope are 300 μm or less.

A touch display device, a driving circuit, and a driving method are provided. An image defect which occurs when display driving and touch driving are simultaneously executed can be reduced by performing control such that a voltage level of a touch electrode driving signal (TDS) varies in a section other than a high-level period (Pon) of an ON-clock signal (ON_CLK) and / or a high-level period (Poff) of an OFF-clock signal (OFF_CLK).

An image forming apparatus includes a feeder including a tray and a pickup member, a size determiner, a sheet type setter, and a controller. The tray stacks a sheet thereon, and the pickup member feeds a contacted sheet. The feeder switches between a first state where the pickup member and the stacked sheet are in contact and a second state where the pickup member and the stacked sheet are separate. The size determiner determines a stacked sheet size. The sheet type setter sets a stacked sheet type. Where the type of the set sheet is a first type, the feeder switches from the second state to the first state when the size of the sheet is determined. Where the type of the set sheet is a second type, the feeder refrains from switching from the second state to the first state even when the size of the sheet is determined.

The fixing device and image forming apparatus employ a horizontally moving claw for separating a sheet on which a toner image has been fixed. The claw moves in a horizontally reciprocating manner at a velocity between 0.001 mm / seconds to 0.1 mm / seconds. Moving at that speed, it has been found to reduce scratching of the fixing drum. The device and image forming apparatus also employ a claw having a width between 1.0 mm and 5.0 mm. The claw contacts the drum with a pressure in a range of 3.0×9.8 mN to 7.0×9.8 mN.

A rotary developing device having a cylindrical rotary developing unit, and a plurality of development members mounted around the periphery of the rotary developing unit. The rotary developing unit is driven to bring one of the development members to the developing position facing a photoreceptor and subsequently the transmission of the driving power to the development member is conducted. In the rotary developing device, the driving direction of the development members at a driving power transmitting section is set to be the same as the driving direction of the rotary developing unit and a simple additional structure employing an electromagnetic clutch or a one-way clutch is applied to the driving power transmitting section, thereby avoiding a collision of tooth tops between gears, damping the impact generated by a collision, and reducing vibration and damage of tooth tops. Therefore, the production of image defects due to registration error are prevented.

An image forming apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention includes a first image forming portion, a second image forming portion, a secondary transfer device, a transfer power supply, a controller.The first and second image forming portions include image bearing members, chargers, development devices, and transfer members.The first charger charges the first image bearing member in the same polarity as a predetermined polarity.The second charger for charging the second image bearing member in a polarity opposite the predetermined polarity.The controller controls the transfer power supply such that the transfer voltage applied to the second transfer member in the second image forming portion is not changed nor turned on and off in a period during which the toner image is transferred to the intermediate transfer member in the first image forming portion.

A system for applying multi-direction and multi-slope region detection to image edge enhancement is provided to perform the image edge enhancement on an image. For pixel (i) indicating i-th pixel of line of the image, a line buffer temporarily stores the pixel (i) and its neighboring pixels. A region classification device classifies the pixel (i) into a region type. A left flat pixel detector depends on the region type to search the neighboring pixels of the pixel (i) for a left flat region pixel. A right flat pixel detector depends on the region type to search the neighboring pixels of the pixel (i) for a right flat region pixel. An edge enhancer performs an edge enhancement operation on the pixel (i) and neighboring pixels when the pixel (i) is an extended region and the left and the right flat region pixels are included in the neighboring pixels.

A device and a method for aligning containers including an evaluation unit, which is capable of determining the position and / or the rotary position of at least one feature of the surface of containers to be aligned, by calculating image data of said feature in at least two views that differ with respect to the imaged rotary position of the containers, and where picture distortions and contrast limitations caused by the perspective can be compensated. The reliability of rotary position recognition and correction can thus be improved when aligning the containers.

An image forming apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention includes a first image forming portion, a second image forming portion, a secondary transfer device, a transfer power supply, a controller.The first and second image forming portions include image bearing members, chargers, development devices, and transfer members.The first charger charges the first image bearing member in the same polarity as a predetermined polarity.The second charger for charging the second image bearing member in a polarity opposite the predetermined polarity.The controller controls the transfer power supply such that the transfer voltage applied to the second transfer member in the second image forming portion is not changed nor turned on and off in a period during which the toner image is transferred to the intermediate transfer member in the first image forming portion.