The invention provides a pressing device of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces. The pressing device comprises an operation table, a fixing plate, a first air cylinder, an upper mold block, a lower mold block, a base plate, a second air cylinder and a push plate and is characterized in that the operation table is arranged on a support, the fixing plate is arranged on a stand column, the first air cylinder is arranged on the fixing plate, the upper mold block is arranged on the stand column, the lower mold block is arranged on the stand column, the base plate is arranged in a lower mold groove, the second air cylinder is arranged on the operation table, and the push plate is arranged on a second piston rod. The upper mold block and the lower mold block are arranged on the stand column, upper mold columns are arranged on the upper mold block, lower mold grooves and through holes are formed in the lower mold block, base plates capable of vertically moving are arranged in the lower mold grooves, the first air cylinder and the first piston rod push the upper mold block downwards, the upper mold columns on the upper mold block press traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece raw materials in the lower mold grooves, and the pressing efficiency and the product quality of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces can be improved.