The invention discloses a vegetable cultivation nutrient bed and a vegetable cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable soilless cultivation production. The vegetable cultivation nutrient bed mainly comprises surrounding walls on the two sides and a bed body in the middle, the bed body is composed of a water-retention film layer, a cobblestone layer, a water-permeable film layer and nutrient soil, and the water-retention film layer, the cobblestone layer, the water-permeable film layer and the nutrient soil are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. The water-retention film layer is a right-angle U-shaped plastic film located at the bottommost layer, and the nutrient soil is formed by uniformly mixing and fermenting the raw materials comprising, by weight, 5-15 parts of river sand, 25-35 parts of chaff, 25-35 parts of biogas slurry and 25-30 parts of sawdust. Vegetables cultured through the bed and the method are high in quality, high in yield, environmentally friendly, clean and healthy, save cost and have the advantages of being capable of maturing early, little in disease, free of inorganic fertilizers and free of pollution, saving water and labor and the like.