The invention discloses a two-dimensional code anti-counterfeiting method based on goods feature information, which comprises the following the steps: the goods information is subjected to digital signature and includes the goods feature information; the goods feature information, the goods information and the digital signature form identification units; the corresponding identification unit is attached to each goods during issuing; and the verification is carried out according to the goods feature information, the goods information and the digital signature. The invention also provides a two-dimensional code anti-counterfeiting identification device based on the goods feature information, which comprises a data acquisition circuit module capable of reading the goods identification units, a memorizer unit for storing the goods feature information and the two-dimensional codes, and a digital signature verification device performing digital signature verification. Through the invention, as long as the suitable goods feature information is selected, the complete goods anti-counterfeiting function is realized by goods issuing parts, and a general consumer can judge the authenticity of the goods simply and accurately. Therefore, the invention has the advantages of simplicity, reliability, and low cost, and is extensively suitable for various fields.