The invention relates to the field of mechanical processing equipment, in particular to a round steel polishing processing device, which includes a bracket, a guide wheel mechanism, a moving mechanism, an adjusting lifting mechanism, a polishing power frame, a rotating mechanism, a top tightening mechanism, a tensioning mechanism and a polishing mechanism , the guide wheel mechanism is provided with two, the two guide wheel mechanisms are connected to the bracket, the adjusting lifting mechanism is connected to the upper end of the bracket, the moving mechanism is connected to the adjusting lifting mechanism, the moving mechanism is slidingly connected with the bracket, and the polishing power The frame is connected to the right end of the bracket, the rotating mechanism is connected to the polishing power frame through transmission, the tensioning mechanism is connected to the rotating mechanism, the tensioning mechanism is slidably connected to the rotating mechanism, the polishing mechanism is connected to the top tightening mechanism in rotation, the rotating mechanism, The jacking mechanism, the tensioning mechanism and the polishing mechanism are connected by transmission, and the invention can polish the round steel, avoiding shaking caused by manual pressing and affecting the quality of the workpiece.