The invention relates to a gas turbine combustor, being able to suppress excessive temperature rise of a structure of the gas turbine combustor and ensure the reliability of the gas turbine combustor. In a gas turbine combustor (3) of the present invention, an air hole plate 20 includes a center air hole group 51 configured from a plurality of air holes (51A) and (51 B) and a plurality of outer circumferential air hole groups (52) configured from a plurality of air holes (52A, 52B), and (52C) and formed to surround the center air hole group (51). The gas turbine combustor (3) includes a hole part (601) and a temperature sensor (401) provided on the air hole plate (20) to be located in a region surrounded by two outer circumferential air hole groups (52) adjacent to each other and the center air hole group (51), a supply source (220) of coolant, a cooling pipeline (205) that connects the hole part (601) and the supply source (220), valves (67, 68) provided in the cooling pipeline (205), and a control system (500) that drives the valves (67, 68) on the basis of a measured value of the temperature sensor (401).