The invention discloses a synthetic method of 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidine. The compound is an important intermediate for synthesizing rheumatoid arthritis JAK inhibitors: ruxolitinib and tofacitinib. The synthetic method comprises the following steps: by taking a compound I (4,6-dichloro-5-allyl pyrimidine) as an initial raw material, performing a nucleophilic substitution reaction with ammonia water to generate a compound II; then performing a reaction on the compound II and ozone and performing a reduction reaction to generate a compound III; and finally, performing self ring-closing reaction in an acidic environment to generate a compound IV, that is, the 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidine. The synthetic route is as shown in the formula in the description. According to the synthetic process provided by the invention, the raw material is cheap and easily available, the synthetic route is simple, the cost is low, the yield is high, and the synthetic method is easy for industrial production.