The invention discloses an apparatus for a road traffic vehicle traffic monitoring system, and belongs to the field of traffic management. The apparatus comprises an upper box body for accommodating monitoring appliances and a lower box body for accommodating a power supply unit; four positioning rods which are distributed in a rectangular shape and are in threaded connection with the top of the lower box body are arranged in the upper box body; and the four positioning rods are jointly sleeved with a supporting plate used for installing a monitoring instrument. The lower end face of the upperbox body is open, an inserting plate is fixed to the lower end face of the upper box body, an inserting opening allowing the inserting plate to be inserted is formed in the upper end face of the lower box body, a locking mechanism used for locking the inserting plate is arranged on the upper portion in the lower box body, and a door lock is arranged between the lower box door and the lower box body. According to the invention, a more refined modular design is realized, the disassembly and assembly are simple, the transportation is convenient without a crane, the assembly can be carried out according to actual requirements, the assembly flexibility is high, and the applicability is better; moreover, the assembly structure is optimized, the assembly stability is high, and the protection effect on detection appliances and the like can be enhanced.