The invention discloses an automatic segmentation and naming method of cardiac coronary artery vessels. The method comprises the steps of: S1, extracting vessel center lines of a cardiac coronary artery 3D image, and defining three-dimensional coordinates of each point in the vessel center lines; S2, identifying a left coronary artery and a right coronary artery from the cardiac coronary artery vessels; S3, identifying RCA, R-PDA and R-PLB from the identified right coronary artery; S4, identifying LM, LAD and LCX from the identified left coronary artery; S5, identifying OM1, OM2 and OM3 from the identified LCX; S6, identifying D1, D2 and D3 from the identified LAD; and S7, identifying RI from the identified LAD and LCX. According to the method, an identification algorithm in each step is improved on the basis of center line data of the cardiac coronary artery vessels, and needed target blood vessels can be accurately and automatically identified from tens to hundreds of vessels and accurately named.