The invention relates to a thermal simulation furnace with heating / cooling controllable structure and capable of sampling halfway, comprising a furnace shell, a furnace lining arranged in the furnace shell, a soaking screen arranged at the inner cavity of the furnace lining, a radial sampling device arranged at the opening on the top of the soaking screen, a heating element, a thermocouple, a cooling pipe, and a control device, wherein a plurality of soaking screen cooling paths distributed uniformly are arranged on the outer wall of the soaking screen to form the soaking screen with a cooling structure. The furnace provided by the invention comprises a furnace plug with a crossing sampling structure and the soaking screen with hollow flanges and the cooling paths, and is characterized in that the furnace can be used with a computer for numerical simulation production, the heating efficiency can be accurately controlled, the cooling efficiency can be accurately controlled, the adjusting range of the cooling speed is large, the furnace can be used in each period for sampling for test, the amount of sample is large, the temperature field in the furnace is not influenced, the uniformity of temperature in the furnace is good, and the surface of the workpiece and the internal temperature can be monitored when the temperature is raising and lowering.