The invention discloses a synthetic aperture radar residual range migration correction method. The method includes the following steps of firstly, obtaining two-dimensional echo signals, and conducting range-direction pulse compression through a conventional matched filtering method; secondly, conducting range migration correction on two-dimensional echo data obtained after the range-direction pulse compression is conducted; thirdly, conducting residual migration correction on the two-dimensional echo data where range migration correction is conducted, wherein the echo signals where the range migration correction is conducted are mocked up, the residual range migration correction is sequentially conducted on the pth line of azimuth data of the signals which are mocked up, p is larger than or equal to 2 and smaller than or equal to N, and N is the range-direction sampling number; fourthly, outputting a correction result. In the calculation process, no interpolation needs to be conducted, the data operation amount can be decreased, and the processing efficiency can be improved; under the data segmentation condition, the displacement amount of a staggered image in the space can be accurately estimated and corrected, the correction accuracy can reach the sub pixel level, and accurate and reliable data are provided for the subsequent high-accuracy imaging.