A
human cell line, which lacks
major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) antigens and
major histocompatibility class II (MHC-II) antigens and which has been modified to comprise and express (i) a
nucleotide sequence encoding an immunomodulator and (ii) a
nucleotide sequence encoding a
viral antigen, and a method of inducing or stimulating an immune response in a human to a viral-associated
disease or
cancer comprising administering to the human (i) the aforementioned
human cell line in an amount sufficient to induce or stimulate an immune response to the viral associated
disease or
cancer, (ii) a
human cell line, which lacks MHC-I and MHC-11 antigens and which has been modified to comprise and express a
nucleotide sequence encoding an immunomodulator, and a
human cell line, which lacks MHC-I and MHC-II antigens and which has been modified to comprise and express a nucleotide sequence encoding an
antigen of EBV, simultaneously or sequentially in either order, by the same or different routes, in amounts sufficient to induce or stimulate an immune response to the viral-associated
disease or
cancer, or (iii) an immunomodulator and a
human cell line, which lacks MHC-I and MHC-II antigens and which has been modified to comprise and express a nucleotide sequence encoding an
antigen of EBV, simultaneously or sequentially in either order, by the same or different routes, in amounts sufficient to induce or stimulate an immune response to the viral associated disease or cancer.