The invention relates to a human HLA-B*5801 gene polymorphism detection kit. The human HLA-B*5801 gene polymorphism detection kit comprises PCR damping liquid, a specific primer, a specific probe, an interior label system, a Taq enzyme, a UNG enzyme, a weakly-positive control group and a blank control group, and also comprises a blood treating agent; a blood sample is simply treated and can be directly subjected to PCR amplification, the DNA extracting process is omitted, and operating time is saved. According to the human HLA-B*5801 gene polymorphism detection kit, the SNP probe is used in cooperation with the technology of the ARMS primer, and it is achieved that two different gene types are detected in one pipe; meanwhile, the interior label system is designed and used for monitoring the quality of the sample, and the weakly-positive control group and the blank control group are designed and used for monitoring the quality of the kit. The human HLA-B*5801 gene polymorphism detection kit for detecting HLA-B*5801 alleles has the advantages of being high in specificity and sensitivity, rapid and easy to operate, safe, objective in result interpretation and the like when being used for detecting HLA-B*5801 alleles.