115 results about "Cave-in" patented technology

The invention relates to a tunnel construction advanced geological detection system and method. Through the induced polarization geophysical exploration method, advanced prediction and identificationof fault fractured zones and karst caves in front of a tunnel face including water-conducting structures are performed, through setting multiple sets of detection electrodes, the position of the water-containing structure can be further determined when the water-containing structure exists in front of the tunnel face, the important reference is provided for advanced geological prediction in the tunnel construction process, and tunnel construction safety is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a composite seepage preventing structure for a large karst cave in a karst region and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. The composite seepage preventing structure comprises bed rock and the karst cave. The karst cave is located in the bed rock. The lower section of the karst cave is filled to form a karst filling area. A plurality of filling-material rotary jetting holes or steel pipe piles are vertically distributed in the karst cave filling area and arranged along the seepage preventing axis at intervals in a rowed mode. A transition cushion layer is arranged on the upper surface of the karst cave filling area. A concrete seepage preventing wall is arranged on the steel pipe piles. A cavity in the upstream side of the concrete seepage preventing wall is backfilled to form a backfilling area. According to the technical scheme, due to the reasonable construction method, the concrete seepage preventing wall is built in the karst cave, and the quite good partition effect and the quite good sealing effect are achieved through a karst cave roof joining groove structure in the top and a grouting-cave-aligning-grouting method; the structure and the method are simple, the quantity of input materials is small, construction intensity is small, construction efficiency is greatly improved, and the seepage preventing aim of large karst cave in the karst region is achieved.

The invention discloses a sequential deepening grouting construction technology and device for a soil covering layer on a karst cave in a karst area. The technology comprises two sequences, namely a front sequence and a rear sequence. Rear sequential holes are distributed among front sequential holes, and the hole depth of the rear sequential holes is increased on the basis of the front sequential holes. The front sequential holes mainly perform a function of reducing the permeability of the superficial strata, and the hole depth of the rear sequential holes is further increased than that of the front sequential holes. In this way, the sequential deepening process realizes an effect similar to that of sectional grouting, realizes emphasis reinforcing on a soil layer near a top plate of the karst cave, is as convenient as through grouting, does not need to bury orifice pipes or floral pipes, and does not need to carry out repeated drilling. The workload is greatly reduced, and the construction period is greatly shortened.

The invention relates to an internal vision device and a method for the internal form of a dry cave in a karst region. The device mainly comprises a guide rod, one end of the guide rod is fixedly connected with a protection cover, a range-finding module, a camera, a temperature sensor, and a harmful gas sensor are arranged in the protection cover, the range-finding module, the camera, the temperature sensor, and the harmful gas sensor respectively transmit signals to a processing module, and the processing module processes the signals and records the signals on a storage module. According to the device, the camera, the guide rod, an operating platform, and the processing module are combined, imaging and monitoring of the form, temperature, and gas concentration etc. in a cavity of the hollow cave can be realized, quantitative calculation of the internal volume of the hollow cave can be performed, and basis is provided for further determination of the risk of the cave.

The invention relates to an engineering pile in karst cave geology and a pile formation process. The lower part of the engineering pile passes through the geological layer, a cave is positioned in thegeological layer, the engineering pile passes through the karst cave and extends into anupper layer soil body; a circle of jet grouting pile reinforcing body is arranged on the outer wall of the engineering pile in the karst cave in a supporting way; the reinforcing body has a centrosymmetric structure; the cross section of the jet grouting pile reinforcing body is formed by a plurality of minorarcs which are connected with each other end to end; the geological layer sequentially comprises a limestone layer, a fractured rock layer and the upper layer soil body from bottom to top; the cave ispositioned in the fractured rock layer. The engineering pile in the cave geology and the pile forming process have the characteristics of being safe and applicable, and the like, having very good practical and promotional values, and producing good economic benefit after being widely popularized and applied.

The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, and discloses a karst surface collapse analysis method, which comprises the following steps of obtaining a geological structure, a hydrological structure and a construction collapse condition of a target area; dividing the collapse process of the target area into an engineering construction penetration stage and a sudden collapse stage; in the engineering construction penetration stage, judging the penetration mode of the karst cave or the soil cave in the construction process according to the construction collapse condition; and in the sudden-change collapse stage, obtaining the change condition of the geological structure and the change condition of the hydrological structure, and judging the collapse type of the karst cave or the soil cave so as to determine the surface collapse forming mechanism of the target area. According to the method, the penetration effect analysis of engineering construction is introduced, and the surface collapse formation mechanism of the target area is obtained by combining the change conditions of the geological structure and the hydrological structure, so that the karst surface collapse formation mechanism caused by the penetration effect of engineering construction can be accurately determined, and effective basis and guidance are provided for urban related disaster prevention and reduction work.

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel advance support measure construction, in particular to a construction method for a super-large-section tunnel step of soft rock in a karst cave development stratum. The construction method includes the steps of (1) confirming a surrounding rock grade and a front surrounding rock condition; (2) judging a karst development condition according to the surrounding rock condition, judging whether a karst cave in front of a tunnel arch develops or not according to the karst development condition, and determining advance support measures and design parameters according to the surrounding rock grade and the karst cave development condition; and (3) synchronously excavating upper and lower steps according to step design parameters. Compared with the prior art, the construction method for the super-large-section tunnel step of the soft rock in the karst cave development stratum has the beneficial effects that the step construction method is applied to super-large-section tunnel construction of the karst cave development stratum, and the advance support measures are adopted according to the surrounding rock grade and karst cave development condition classification, so that primary support and karst cave treatment measures are determined according to a tunnel face karst cave exposure condition and a tunnel face state in a geological sketch result, a specific construction mode is adopted for the karst cave development stratum, and the method is targeted and more accurate.

The invention provides a reinforced concrete combined arch bridge spanning karst caves in a tunnel and a construction method thereof. The arch bridge comprises a plurality of profile steel arch ribs arranged in parallel. The two ends of each section steel arch rib are fixedly connected with arch supports poured on the two side walls of the karst cave; a certain distance is reserved between every two adjacent profile steel arch ribs, the adjacent profile steel arch ribs are connected through a plurality of cross beams, supporting steel plates are laid on the cross beams, a concrete arch rib ispoured on the tops of the steel plate supports and the profile steel arch ribs, a concrete filling layer is poured on the top of the concrete arch rib, and the top face of the concrete filling layer is flush with the tunnel bottom face. During construction, firstly, profile steel arch rib installation is completed through vertical rotation construction; then the profile steel arch ribs are used asthe support to construct the upper concrete arch ribs, the characteristics that the profile steel arch rib is small in dead weight, high in strength and convenient and fast to install are fully utilized, formwork supports are prevented from being erected under a bridge, and therefore construction difficulty is lowered, construction quality is guaranteed, safety risks are reduced, and constructioncost is reduced.

The invention discloses a pile foundation construction method capable of three-dimensional expansion. The pile foundation construction method comprises the following steps: firstly treating a construction field, and boring upper part coverage layer of a limestone cave by adopting a drilling machine and adopting a slurry-free boring construction technology; after boring the upper part coverage layer of the limestone cave, flattening bottom rock layer of the limestone cave; lowering a pile foundation containment apparatus capable of adjusting the height at a folded state to a flat area of the bottom rock layer of the limestone cave by using a hoisting device; adjusting the height of the pile foundation containment apparatus, fixing the height of the pile foundation containment apparatus by virtue of an expansion material, so that the top of the pile foundation containment apparatus is flush with a pile hole of a top rock layer of the limestone cave; boring the bottom rocker layer of thelimestone cave in the pile foundation containment apparatus, and completing the construction of the pile hole; and cleaning the pile hole, then lowering a reinforcement cage, pouring concrete, completing the construction of a pile body, and curing to obtain a poured pile. The pile foundation construction method is simple in construction process, and has the advantages of low cost, high bearing capacity, small disturbance for a geological environment of the limestone cave, simplicity in construction and the like.

The invention discloses a protection structure of a karst cave at the upper part of a tunnel. The protection structure comprises a concrete protection arch, an outer layer protection arch, a concretebuffer layer, a sand buffer layer and a concrete guard wall. The concrete protection arch is tightly adjacent to a tunnel initial support, and the outer contour of the concrete protection arch is thesame as that of the tunnel initial support; the outer layer protection arch is tightly adjacent to the concrete protection arch, and has the same outer contour as the concrete protection arch; the concrete buffer layer is tightly adjacent to the outer layer protection arch, and fills a cavity defined by the outer layer protection arch and the inner wall of the karst cave; the sand buffer layer istightly adjacent to the concrete buffer layer and fills a cavity defined by the top of the concrete buffer layer and the inner wall of the karst cave in the preset height; and the concrete guard wallextends from the bottom of the karst cave to the earth surface on the top of the karst cave along the side wall of the karst cave, and surrounds a tunnel. The protection structure is high in construction efficiency and low in risk in the construction process, can reasonably treat the cavity karst cave at the upper part of the tunnel and enables the structure to be safe and stable, improves the construction quality of the tunnel project, accelerates the construction progress, and ensures the safety in the construction period and the stability in the operation period.

The invention discloses a construction method and structure for a prefabricated tubular pile to penetrate through a karst cave. Force of the prefabricated tubular pile (7) is directly transferred to aforce holding layer (2) at the bottom of the karst cave through a steel pipe (5) penetrating through the karst cave (1). The construction problems that in the process of constructing the prefabricated tubular pile in the karst cave, the prefabricated tubular pile is likely to sink and incline and the bearing capacity at the bottom of the pile does not meet design requirements are effectively solved, the effect of reinforcing a soil body of the karst cave can be effectively achieved, and the bearing capacity requirement of the bottom of the prefabricated tubular pile can be guaranteed. Meanwhile, the construction technology can be used for reinforcing the force holding layer of the pile bottom of the prefabricated tubular pile in the karst cave in a targeted manner, so that the construction period is shortened, the material loss is reduced, the construction cost is reduced, and the national green construction requirement is met.

The invention relates to a reservoir transformation horizon selection method for finding holes along seams. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting existing single well logging information, seismic data information and related early-stage construction production information of a fracture-vug type oil reservoir; 2, quantitatively knowing distribution characteristics of cracks and karst caves in a block range by adopting a statistical analysis method, comparing the distribution characteristics with early-stage construction production materials, and correcting an area with relatively large deviation to obtain a statistical analysis result; 3, in combination with the statistical analysis result and the seismic data information, constructing a fracture-cavity distribution three-dimensional geological model in geological modeling software, and performing single well stress field calculation and checking; and 4, simulating and forming a shaft-crack-karst cave connection network in AiFrac fracturing simulation software by adopting the three-dimensional geologic model, screening out the horizon with relatively developed main and branch cracks or natural cracks in the stratum after acid fracturing, and finally selecting the horizon for reservoir transformation by taking the goal that the acid fracturing cracks are communicated with the karst cave reservoir body to the greatest extent.

The invention relates to a karst cave stratum pile foundation structure and a pile forming process, and belongs to the technical field of pile foundation construction. The karst cave stratum pile foundation structure comprises a drill hole formed in a karst cave stratum and a pile casing arranged in the drill hole. The drill hole vertically penetrates through a top plate of a karst cave and a wall body of the karst cave and then extends into a rock mass at the bottom of the karst cave, the length of the pile casing is larger than the height of a cavity of the karst cave, the top end of the pile casing is arranged in the drill hole of the top plate of the karst cave, the bottom end of the pile casing is arranged in the drill hole of the rock mass at the bottom of the karst cave, and concrete is poured into the steel pile casing. The pile casing is arranged in the cavity of the karst cave, the protective wall is formed in the position, in the cavity of the karst cave, of the pile casing, concrete is blocked by the pile casing and is not prone to flowing into the cavity of the karst cave in the concrete pouring process, so that it is guaranteed that the pouring amount of the concrete is consistent with the designed amount, waste of a large amount of concrete caused by the existence of the karst cave is avoided, and the quality of the formed pile foundation is correspondingly improved.

The invention relates to the field of building construction, and discloses a karst cave foundation pit supporting construction method. The karst cave foundation pit supporting construction method comprises the steps that (a) modeling through BIM and design drawing, (b) excavation of foundation pits, (c) staking out in survey, (d) embedding of a pile casing, (e) preparation of wall protection mud,(f) installation and positioning of a drilling rig, (g) drilling, (h) hole cleaning, (i) construction of a steel reinforcement cage production platform, (j) steel reinforcement cage production, (k) steel reinforcement cage lifting and (l) pouring are carried out, specifically, a geological survey report is used, the deformation of soil bodies under different working conditions is analyzed througha BIM three-dimensional solid model; a supporting pouring pile determines the communication condition of a karst cave in the form of a jump, rocks and the soil bodies in the foundation pits are takenand stirred for karst cave filling, and safety and efficiency are achieved; large karst caves are wrapped by closing nets welded to a steel reinforcement cage to reduce concrete filling and effectively reduce costs; and a mud separator is used for cleaning particles in the mud, and recycling and environment protection are achieved.

The invention provides a method for simulating karst caves in different filling states. The method comprises the steps of employing a controlled compression-resistant material to make a karst cave simulation body according to the shape of a target karst cave, then making a model body wrapping the karst cave simulation body, and simulating the target karst cave through a cavity formed in the model body by the karst cave simulation body. The karst cave simulation body can maintain the structural form under specific conditions and has certain pressure bearing capacity, so that the karst cave simulation body can be modeled, and the shape of the karst cave simulation body is kept consistent with that of the target karst cave. The controlled compression-resistant material is controlled to be liquefied in the model body, the controlled compression-resistant material is taken out of the model body, and a cavity in the model body is formed for simulating the karst cave. According to the method for simulating the karst caves in the different filling states, the invention further provides a physical simulation test system for simulating the karst caves in the different filling states. The model manufactured through the method is very close to the actual karst cave stress state, and reliable data can be provided for karst cave research.

The invention discloses a physical simulation experiment device and method capable of controlling a soil cave forming process. The experiment device mainly comprises a soil cave simulation box, a seepage simulation device and a gravity simulation device. In the experiment process, water seepage force is provided by adjusting the water head height of the water supply tower of the seepage simulationdevice; self-weight stress is simulated through friction of the conveying belt of the gravity simulation device to act on the rock-soil body in the soil cave simulation box, a karst development areacovered with soil is simulated, and the process that the soil body on the rock surface is lost and migrated to a karst channel under the influence of the self-weight stress and underground water seepage force factors to form a cave in the soil is simulated. The experimental device is simple in structure and low in cost, the experimental method is easy and convenient to operate, the soil consumption is small, the experimental device is suitable for repeated experiments under various condition combinations, the influence effect of a single variable on the deformation rule of the soil cave can berealized and the experimental device has important theoretical and engineering significance for researching karst surface collapse prevention and control measures.

The invention discloses an underground karst cave detection method based on pile hammer shock excitation and a k nearest neighbor algorithm. The method comprises the following steps: firstly buildinga model library comprising different karst cave sizes and positions, and enabling the positions and sizes of karst caves in a model to be labels; secondly, conducting finite element calculation on themodel base, and obtaining acceleration responses of specific positions of the earth surface under different karst cave working conditions under pile hammer shock excitation; thirdly, conducting feature extraction on the acceleration response data, combining extracted features and labels into a database, randomly dividing a training set and a test set, inputting the training set into a k-nearest neighbor algorithm for machine learning, and obtaining a preliminary karst cave detection model based on the k-nearest neighbor algorithm; and finally, adjusting model parameters according to the prediction precision to obtain an optimal karst cave detection model based on a k-nearest neighbor algorithm. The method can effectively realize accurate recognition of the position and the geometric dimension of the underground karst cave, and has the advantages of lower cost and higher efficiency compared with the existing karst cave detection technology.

The invention discloses a method for qualitatively judging the water filling condition of a karst cave in front of a tunnel based on diffracted transverse waves. The method comprises the steps of arranging an excitation point on a subway tunnel face for exciting seismic transverse waves; arranging a plurality of three-component detectors on one side wall of the tunnel behind the excitation point;exciting seismic transverse waves to the front of the tunnel face at the excitation point, and then receiving feedback seismic data in real time by each three-component detector, and transmitting theseismic data to a seismic recorder; carrying out interference wave elimination processing on the seismic data received by the seismic recorder so as to obtain diffracted transverse wave data and direct transverse wave data reflected by the karst cave; carrying out migration imaging on the obtained diffracted transverse wave data reflected by the karst cave so as to obtain position information of the karst cave; and qualitatively judging the water filling condition of the karst cave by analyzing the ratio of the energy of the diffracted transverse waves to the energy of the direct transverse waves. The position of the karst cave in front of the tunnel can be determined, the water filling condition of the karst cave in front can be qualitatively judged, and data support is provided for subsequent safe tunneling of the tunnel.

The invention discloses a method for determining cave volume in a stratum. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing a fractured-vug type oil reservoir well testing model, and taking akarst cave in the stratum as a point source; according to the fractured-vug type oil reservoir well testing model, adopting a superposition principle to obtain a real space well bottom pressure solution obtained when a plurality of karst caves are simultaneously in the presence in the stratum; utilizing the real space well bottom pressure solution obtained when the plurality of karst caves are simultaneously in the presence and well bottom pressure data which is actually measured to carry out fitting, and according to a fitting result, determining a dimensionless distance between a second karst cave and a first karst cave; and according to the dimensionless distance between the second karst cave and the first karst cave, determining a dimensionless reserving coefficient of the second karst cave, and according to the dimensionless reserving coefficient of the second karst cave, determining the volume of the second karst cave. According to the method, an assorted explanation method is provided for the reservoir stratum parameter calculation and the reserve calculation of a fractured-vug type oil reservoir, the volume and the distance of the karst caves in the fractured-vug type oilreservoir as well as a provided flow ratio can be directly explained, and technical support is provided for formulating an oil field development scheme.

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel advance support measure construction, in particular to a construction method for detecting and treating a karst cave through a tunnel advance large pipe shed. The method includes the following steps that (1) pipe shed holes are formed in a tunnel, wherein the pipe shed holes include detection holes and reinforcement holes, and the detection holes and the reinforcement holes are formed in the arch part of the tunnel according to a set arrangement mode; and (2) the detection holes and the reinforcement holes are drilled in the arch part of the tunnel in the tunnel excavation direction, and in the detection hole drilling process, the drilling rate of the drilled holes is recorded and a drilled hole information distribution map is drawn. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that in the method, based on the geological features and technical status of the large no-water filled karst cave in the front of the tunnel,the functional localization of the advance large pipe shed to localize the karst cave firstly and then reinforce the karst cave is clarified, and the pipe shed holes are divided into two types, namely, the detection holes and the reinforcement holes.

The invention discloses a karst cave three-dimensional imaging method based on ground penetrating radar multi-attribute fusion. The karst cave three-dimensional imaging method comprises the following steps: (1) preprocessing ground penetrating radar data; (2) calculating the instantaneous amplitude, energy and ground penetrating radar three-dimensional attributes of the maximum amplitude spectrum of the data body obtained through processing in the step (1); (3) normalizing the three three-dimensional attribute bodies in the step (2) by using a range standardization method; (4) fusing the three attribute bodies after the range standardization processing by using a principal component analysis method to obtain a fused attribute body; (5) extracting abnormal reflection region data in the fusion attribute body time slices in the step (4) at equal intervals, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction by using space coordinate information of each slice; and (6) three-dimensional visualization of the tunnel karst cave target body is realized based on the reconstruction data obtained in the step (5) and a volume visualization technology. According to the method, accurate three-dimensional modeling can be effectively carried out on the underground karst cave through the ground penetrating radar, and guidance and help are provided for handling related problems of the underground karst cave in the construction process.

The invention relates to the technical field of measuring equipment, and further discloses equipment for detecting the karst cave in the rotary excavating pile through the laser radar. The equipment comprises a positioning frame and a fixing frame, the bottoms of the two sets of fixing frames are connected with the top of a positioning frame in an inserted mode. A driving motor is installed on thefixing frame on the rear side, the same rotating shaft is installed between the two fixing frames, the rear end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driving motor, awire winding wheel is fixedly connected to the outer portion of the rotating shaft, and a pulling rope with scales is wound in the wire winding wheel. In the equipment for detecting a karst cave in arotary excavating pile through a laser radar and a using method thereof, when the device reaches the bottom of a hole, the device is slowly lifted, equipment is shut down, scanning is stopped, a mature sensor on the market at present is selected as a laser radar sensor, the whole equipment is mature in technology, high in operability, easy to manufacture, convenient and rapid to install and accurate in positioning, accurate information can be provided for a karst cave solution, and safety and reliability are achieved.

The invention discloses an anti-sloughing device for a top unstable exposed karst cave in tunnel construction and a construction method, the anti-sloughing device comprises a vertical support and an arched support, the vertical support is located in a tunnel, and the vertical support is arranged along a tunnel face of the tunnel; the arched support extends along the designed top surface of the tunnel, and the top of the vertical support is connected with the arched support through a spring buffer; inflatable tarpaulin is fixedly arranged between the edges of the two sides of the arched support, and a height adjusting assembly is arranged between the arched support and the inflatable tarpaulin; and a self-sealing assembly is arranged on the inflatable tarpaulin. The anti-sloughing device can be tightly attached to the top face of the karst cave, and the overall stability of the anti-sloughing device can be improved.

The invention discloses a measuring device for intelligently pre-judging the volume of an irregular cave in biological research. The measuring device comprises a nitrogen gas supply mechanism, an airmixing mechanism, an air sampling mechanism, an air quality metering mechanism and a data processing unit, wherein the nitrogen gas supply mechanism is used for filling the interior of the sealed irregular cave with a nitrogen gas with a set mass value; the air mixing mechanism is used for uniformly mixing original air in the irregular cave with the filled nitrogen gas; the air sampling mechanismis used for respectively collecting the original air which occupies a certain space volume in the irregular cave and collecting air which occupies the certain space volume and is uniformly mixed withthe nitrogen gas; the air quality metering mechanism is used for respectively carrying out mass weighing on the collected original air and the collected air in which the nitrogen is uniformly mixed inthe irregular cave and acquiring corresponding mass values; and the data processing unit is used for calculating the volume of the irregular cave according to the acquired data. According to the measuring device, the inconvenience and inaccuracy of manual cave measurement can be overcome, and the accurate irregular cave volume can be obtained.

The invention relates to a construction method of a soft surrounding rock tunnel collapse cave foam concrete backfill structure. The construction method comprises the following steps of 1) conducting constructing and manufacturing; (2) excavating a manual hole digging pile; 3) binding a reinforcement cage; (4) bearing platform construction; 5) backfilling small karst caves at the bottom of the tunnel; (6) forming small waterless karst caves in the side wall of the tunnel; (7) conducting vault crack construction; (8) backfilling the tunnel vault small waterless karst cave; (9) constructing a pre-embedded steel frame of a supporting wall; (10) conducting supporting wall and lining construction; (11) conducting secondary lining construction; 12) conducting back pressure backfilling; and (13) conducting tunnel roadbed construction. The method has the beneficial effects that a retaining wall of the manual hole digging pile adopts an assembly type, and a water escape valve is arranged on the retaining wall, so that the water escape valve can be opened and closed at any time according to the water quantity around the hole, the safety in the hole digging construction process is ensured, and the construction efficiency can be improved by using the assembly type technology.

The invention discloses a construction method of a tunnel drainage and waterproofing comprehensive treatment system. The tunnel drainage and waterproofing comprehensive treatment system comprises an outer water interception system, an outer drainage system, a tunnel waterproofing system and a tunnel drainage system. The outer water interception system comprises a water interception groove on the outer ground and a conveying pipeline from the water interception groove to the water collecting position, the outer drainage system comprises an outer water resisting layer and an outer drainage ditch connected to the side, close to the tunnel portal, of the outer water resisting layer, the tunnel waterproofing system comprises a waterproofing layer arranged in a lining, and the tunnel drainage system comprises side drainage ditches on the two sides of the road surface in a tunnel and the like. By means of the outer water interception groove, the outer water resisting layer and the outer drainage ditch of the tunnel, collected water of a slope body on the upper part of the tunnel and a large amount of flowing water in the rainwater period are effectively drained and prevented; through a waterproofing layer, a first water stop belt, an annular drainage pipe and the like in the tunnel, flowing water in cracks and karst caves in the tunnel can be dredged and drained; and drainage holes are connected with the annular drainage pipe, so that water flow in the reinforced tunnel lining can be drained through a retaining wall.

The invention discloses a large-diameter pile foundation construction method for a deep sand layer in a karst development area. The method comprises the following steps that S1, a site is leveled, and a pile placing position is measured; s2, reinforcing the earth surface; s3, placing a base plate; s4, the drilling machine is in-place and centered; s5, the casing pipe is hoisted and placed; s6, a sleeve is pressed in, the perpendicularity is measured again, and a grab bucket takes soil to form a hole; s7, a reinforcement cage is hoisted and placed; s8, a guide pipe is installed; s9, concrete is poured, and the pipe is pulled out gradually; and S10, pile foundation detection and pile forming quality detection. According to the large-diameter pile foundation construction method, the phenomenon of hole collapse or slurry leakage during construction of thick sand layers, large karst caves and bead-like karst caves in stratums is avoided, the construction progress is fast, the construction effect is excellent, meanwhile, the high safety coefficient is achieved, and the large-diameter pile foundation construction method is suitable for the technical field of road and bridge building construction.

The invention relates to the field of karst region soil cave collapse geological disasters, in particular to a karst soil cave exploring and positioning method. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, a working area required to be subjected to collapse exploring is selected; a spraying route is delimited for the selected area, and foaming agents are evenly sprayed till the content of the foaming agents in the earth surface covering layer soil body reaches the designed concentration; then whether bubbles are continuously generated on the earth surface or not are observed after raining, bubble generation points are marked, namely possible development positions of the karst soil cave, and finally the bubble generation points and adjacent areas are detected in detail by adoptinga conventional drilling or geophysical prospecting method to determine detailed characteristics of the soil cave. According to the technical scheme, the karst soil cave exploring and positioning method can achieve large-area, low-cost, easy-to-operate and accurate detection of the specific development position of the underground karst soil cave, can remarkably reduce the detection target area ofthe karst soil cave, and effectively solves the bottleneck problem of restricting the position of the soil cave in karst collapse monitoring and prevention at present.

The embodiment of the invention provides a carbonate rock reservoir facture carving volume and dynamic reserve fitting method and device. The method comprises steps: according to seismic data of multiple sample oil wells and a facture carving technology for wave impedance seismic inversion, the seismic carving volume of each sample oil well is acquired; the dynamic reserve of each sample oil wellis acquired; a layer series of a production layer of each sample oil well is determined; and according to the seismic carving volume and the dynamic reserve of a sample oil well corresponding to eachlayer series, a fitting relationship corresponding to each layer series is determined. Thus, the accuracy of the oil well dynamic reserve obtained and determined according to the fitting relationshipis impr4oved.