The invention discloses a focal-depth expanding method comprising the following steps of: converting work beam polarization into cylindrical polarized light and splitting the cylindrical polarized light into two beams, wherein after being coded by 0-Pi phases, one beam and the other beam which is optically replicated irradiate the same optical beam combiner inwards to form a combined coaxial beam, and after the combined coaxial beam is focused by a lens, an expanded focal-depth spot is obtained. The invention also discloses a focal-depth expanding device comprising a light source, a polarizedlight converter, an optical splitter, a 0 / Pi phase plate, an optical replicating device, an optical beam combiner and an apochromat focusing lens. For the focal depths of specific types of focusing spots, the method and the device use coherent light as work beams, save system cost and increase practicability, meanwhile, the focal depths of the expanded focusing spots are increased by above two times, the beam quality is increased, the focusing spots can reach below the self diffraction limitation of a system, and the expanded light intensity has more even distribution and is more beneficial for practical application.