106results about How to "Reduce directivity" patented technology

A light-emitting device is provided that can extract light in all directions and that has wide directivity. This light-emitting device includes: an elongated bar-shaped package extending sideways, the package being formed such that a plurality of leads are formed integrally with a first resin with part of the leads exposed; a light-emitting element that is fixed onto at least one of the leads and that is electrically connected to at least one of the leads; and a second resin sealing the light-emitting element. In the light-emitting device, the first resin and the second resin are formed of optically transparent resin, and the leads have outer lead portions used for external connection and protruding sideways from both left and right ends of the package.

A vehicular lamp includes a light source positioned inside a lamp chamber. The lamp chamber is formed from a lamp body fixed to a vehicle body and a front cover that covers a front open portion thereof. The vehicular lamp includes a light guide that includes a side end surface to which light emitted from the light source is incident on one side thereof; a light-emitting surface that emits the light that is incident from the side end surface in a predetermined direction; and a reflective back surface that has a reflecting portion that faces the light-emitting surface. The light guide made from translucent material that is positioned on one side inside the light chamber following along with the shape of the lamp front cover. A plurality of stippling steps that have a generally conical shape are provided on the reflective back surface of the light guide. A central axis that passes through an apex angle of every stippling step slants toward the predetermined emission direction of the light with respect to a virtual vertical line perpendicular to the reflective back surface.

Provided is a method for moving, in a vacuum chamber carrying therein a fixedly-provided evaporation source, a substrate toward the evaporation source together with a mask closely attached to the substrate surface, and onto the surface substrate, evaporating a material vaporized in the evaporation source through an aperture formed to the mask. In this method of the invention, means for moving the substrate toward the evaporation source is provided with cooling means not to come in contact with but to be in proximity to a surface of the mask on the evaporation source side, and a cooling plate formed with an aperture proximal to the evaporation source is disposed. With such a configuration, the steam of the material coming from the evaporation source is directed to the mask and the substrate through the aperture of the cooling plate. As such, the material film evaporated on the substrate surface shows a satisfactory distribution of film thickness, and any possible misalignment from desired positions of evaporation can be accordingly suppressed.

A diffraction grating having a transparent supporting substrate; and a cured resin layer which is stacked on the transparent supporting substrate and which has concavities and convexities formed on a surface thereof, wherein when a Fourier-transformed image is obtained by performing two-dimensional fast Fourier transform processing on a concavity and convexity analysis image obtained by analyzing a shape of the concavities and convexities formed on the surface of the cured resin layer by use of an atomic force microscope, the Fourier-transformed image shows a circular or annular pattern substantially centered at an origin at which an absolute value of wavenumber is 0 μm−1, and the circular or annular pattern is present within a region where an absolute value of wavenumber is within a range of 10 μm−1 or less.

An object of the present invention is to provide an antenna of small size which is excellent in the response characteristic in the high-frequency band, and to provide a communication device including the antenna having such an excellent characteristic that it is possible to realize downsizing of the device as a whole. That is, the present invention is directed to an antenna characterized by including a radiator made up of a carbon nanotube, and as a specific structure, for example, an antenna characterized by including an electrode that is connected with a part of the carbon nanotube and operates as a monopole antenna, and a communication device including the antenna.