The invention belongs to the technical field of elevator rail transportation, and particularly relates to an elevator guide rail crawling robot. The elevator guide rail crawling robot comprises a pairof symmetrically-arranged traction units, a pair of symmetrically-arranged clamp units, a pair of symmetrically-arranged stabilizing arm units, a detection unit, a control module and a power module,wherein the traction units, the clamp units and the stabilizing arm units are connected through a sliding rack; and the traction units, the clamp units, the stabilizing arm units and the sliding rackform a crawling mechanism of the robot jointly. The appearance of the robot is in a right-angled U shape, the robot can grip guide rails on two sides of an elevator to crawl at the same time, the crawling mechanism can be suitable for guide rails of different types, meanwhile, enough friction force between traction wheels and the guide rails is ensured, and the problem of slipping caused by abrasion of pulleys is effectively solved; load requirements of a large range of weight can be met, the detection unit can simultaneously detect horizontal and front obstacles without a dead angle, externalequipment is not needed to supply energy during operation, the robot can operate for long distance and time, and the material conveying efficiency is improved; and the robot also has a certain self-regulation capacity when encountering external disturbance.